C++编译器不识别头文件

Question

我是 C++ 新手。我正在尝试在 Visual Studio 上练习编译程序，但我在解读编译器错误时遇到了一些麻烦。我真的需要一些帮助来弄清楚如何正确调试和编译程序，这样我以后在编译代码时就不会遇到太多麻烦。

我有三个文件:Gradebook.h、Gradebook.cpp 和 Source1.cpp。 Gradebook.h 在头文件中，另外两个在解决方案资源管理器中的源文件中。

编辑:我遇到了一堆语法错误和其他不必要的注释，这让我很难阅读自己的代码。 (感谢雷和其他所有人)。下面是我修改后的代码。我还发现了如何正确使用代码示例工具，所以现在一切都应该正确缩进。

    #include <string>
    using namespace std;

    class GradeBook
    {
    public:
        //constants
        static const int students = 10; //number of tests
        static const int tests = 3;  //number of tests

        //constructor initializes course name and array of grades
        string Gradebook(string, const int[][tests]);

        void setCourseName(string); //function to set course name
        string getCourseName(); //function to retrieve the course name
        void displayMessage(); //display a welcome message
        void processGrades(); //perform various operations on the grade data
        int getMinimum(); //find the minimum grade in the grade book
        int getMaximum(); //find the maximum grade in the grade book
        double getAverage(const int[], const int); // get student's average
        void outputBarChart(); //output bar chart of grade dist
        void outputGrades(); //output the contents of the grades array

    private:
        string courseName; //course name for this gradebook
        int grades[students][tests]; //two-dimensional array of grades
    }; //end class GradeBook

I don't get any errors in Gradebook.h, but the main problem lies in my other source files:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

//include definition of class GradeBook from GradeBook.h
#include "GradeBook.h"

// two-argument constructor initializes courseName and grades array
GradeBook:: GradeBook(string name, const int gradesArray[][GradeBook::tests])
{
    setCourseName(name); //initialize coursename

    //copy grades from gradeArray to grades
    for (int student = 0; student < students; ++student)

        for (int tests = 0; tests < tests; ++tests)
            grades[student][tests] = gradesArray[student][tests];
} //end two argument GradeBook constructor

//function to set the course name
void GradeBook::setCourseName(string name)
{
    courseName = name;
}

GradeBook::Gradebook(string, const int[][tests])
{
}

void GradeBook::setCourseName(string)
{
}

//function to retrieve the course name 
string GradeBook::getCourseName()
{
    return courseName;
} 

//display a welcome message to GradeBook user
void GradeBook::displayMessage()
{
    //statements calls getCourseName to get the name of the course the gradebook represents
    cout << "Welcome to the grade book for \n" << getCourseName() << "!"
        << endl;
} 

//perform various operations on the data
void GradeBook::processGrades()
{
    outputGrades(); //output grades array

    // call functions getMinimum and getMaximum
    cout << "\nLowest grade in the grade book is " << getMinimum()
        << "\nHighest grade in the grade book is " << getMaximum() << endl;

    outputBarChart(); //display distribution chart of grades on all tests
} 

//find minimum grade in the entire Gradebook
int GradeBook::getMinimum()
{
    int lowGrade = 100; //assume lowest grade is 100;
    //loop through rows of grades array
    for (int student = 0; student < students; ++student)
    {
        //loop to columns of current row
        for (int tests = 0; tests < tests; ++tests)
        {
            //if current grade less than lowGrade, assign it to lowGrade
            if (grades[student][tests] < lowGrade)
                lowGrade = grades[student][tests]; //new lowest grade
        }
    } 
    return lowGrade; 
} 

//find maximum grade in the entire gradebook
int GradeBook::getMaximum()
{
    int highGrade = 0; //assume highest grade is 0

    for (int student = 0; student < students; ++student)
    {
        //loop to columns of current row
        for (int tests = 0; tests < tests; ++tests)
        {
            //if current grade less than highGrade, assign it to highGrade
            if (grades[student][tests] > highGrade)
                highGrade = grades[student][tests]; //new highest grade
        }
    }  
    return highGrade; 

} 

//determine average grade for particular set of grades
double GradeBook::getAverage(const int setOfGrades[], const int grades)
{
    int total = 0; //initialize total

    //sum grades in array
    for (int grade = 0; grade < grades; ++grade)
        total += setOfGrades[grade];

    //return average of grades
    return static_cast <double>(total) / grades;
} 

//output bar chart displaying grade distribution
void GradeBook::outputBarChart()
{
    cout << "\nOverall grade distribution: " << endl;

    //stores frequency of grades in each range of 10 grades
    const int frequencySize = 11;
    int frequency[frequencySize] = {}; //initalize elements to 0;

    //for each grade, increment the appropriate frequency
    for (int student = 0; student < students; ++student)
        for (int tests = 0; tests < tests; ++tests)
            ++frequency[grades[student][tests] / 10];

    //for each grade frequency, print bar in chart
    for (int count = 0; count < frequencySize; ++count)
    {
        //output bar label (0-9, 90-99, 100)
        if (count == 0)
            cout << "0-9: ";
        else if (count == 10)
            cout << "100: ";
        else
            cout << count * 10 << "-" << (count * 10) + 9 << ": ";

        //print bar of asterisks
        for (int stars = 0; stars < frequency[count]; stars)
            cout << '*';

        cout << endl;
    }
}

//output the contents of the grades array
void GradeBook::outputGrades()
{
    cout << "\nThe grades are: \n\n";
    cout << "             "; //align column heads

    //create a column heading for each of the tests
    for (int tests = 0; tests < tests; ++tests)
        cout << "Test" << tests + 1 << " ";

    cout << "Average" << endl; //student average column heading

    //create rows/columns of text representing array grades
    for (int student = 0; student < students; ++student)
    {
        cout << "Student " << setw(2) << student + 1;

        //output student's grades
        for (int tests = 0; tests < tests; ++tests)
            cout << setw(8) << grades[student][tests];

        //call member function getAverage to calculate student's average
        //pass row of grades and the value of tests as the arguments
        double average = getAverage(grades[student], tests);
        cout << setw(9) << setprecision(2) << fixed << average << endl;
    }
}

我在这里收到的主要错误如下:

GradeBook:: GradeBook(string name, const int gradesArray[][GradeBook::tests])

错误:没有重载函数“GradeBook::GradeBook”的实例匹配指定的类型。

GradeBook::Gradebook(string, const int[][tests])
{
}

错误:缺少显式类型(假设为“int”)和错误:声明与“std::string Gradebook(在第 12 行声明)不兼容”。

我真的很困惑和沮丧。您可以提供的任何见解都将非常有帮助。这是我教科书中的一个例子，几乎是逐字逐句的，过去两个小时我一直在努力找出遗漏了什么。

我的最后一个源文件如下:

#include "Gradebook.h"
#include "Source1.h"

//function main begins program execution
int main()
{
    //two-dimensional array of student grades
    int gradesArray[ GradeBook::students][GradeBook::tests] =
    {
        {87, 96, 70},
        {68, 87, 90},
        {94, 100, 90},
        {100, 81, 82},
        {83, 65, 85},
        {78, 87, 65},
        {85, 75, 83},
        {91, 94, 100},
        {76, 72, 84},
        {87, 93, 73}
    }

GradeBook myGradebook("CS101 Introduction to C++ Programming", gradesArray);
myGradeBook.displayMessage();
myGradeBook.processGrades();
} //end main

我在最后几行收到错误: 成绩簿 myGradebook("xxxx") 收到错误:预期为“；” .. 但我不是已经有了吗？

和 myGradebook.displayMessage();错误:标识符“myGradeBook”未定义。

请指教并指出正确的方向。我迫切需要帮助。

Answer 1

你必须真正改进这段代码。

错误

//function to set the course name
void GradeBook::setCourseName(string name
{
courseName = name;
})//end function setCourseName

正确

//function to set the course name
void GradeBook::setCourseName(string name)
{
courseName = name;
}//end function setCourseName

====

错误

//find maximum grade in the entire gradebook
int GradeBook::getMaximum)

正确

//find maximum grade in the entire gradebook
int GradeBook::getMaximum()