c++ - 这些错误是什么意思？

Question

我是 C++ 的新手，所以当我看到这些包含错误的可怕模板时，我有点目瞪口呆。

这是我的代码:

#include "scene.hpp"
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>

// projects a ray from the eyepoint through (x, y) in the image plane
Ray Camera::project_ray(int x, int y){
}

class scene_parser{
public:
  class unimplemented_exception {};
  class unknown_command_exception {};
  class malformed_command_exception {};

  scene_parser(Scene &s);
  void parse(const std::string &filename);
private:
  PixelBufferPTR current_texture;
  Colour current_material_colour;
  Material current_material;

  typedef void (scene_parser::*parsefunc )(std::vector<std::string>);
  std::map<std::string, parsefunc> funcMap;
  void init_funcMap();
  void apply_func(const std::vector<std::string> &line);

  // methods which parse the scene file
  // they each receive a line of the file, tokenized on whitespace
  void camera_from(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void camera_target(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void camera_forw(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void camera_up(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void camera_angle(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void camera_resolution(std::vector<std::string> line);

  void sphere(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void tsphere(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void texture(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void mesh(std::vector<std::string> line) {throw unimplemented_exception();}

  void background(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void ambient_light(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void parallel_light(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void point_light(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void spot_light(std::vector<std::string> line) {throw unimplemented_exception();}
  void material(std::vector<std::string> line);

  void render(std::vector<std::string> line);
  void trace_depth(std::vector<std::string> line);
};

scene_parser::scene_parser(Scene &s) : current_material_colour(0, 0, 0), current_material(0, 0, 0, 0, 0) {
  init_funcMap();
}

void scene_parser::init_funcMap(){
  funcMap["camera_from"] = &scene_parser::camera_from;
  funcMap["camera_target"] = &scene_parser::camera_target;
  funcMap["camera_forw"] = &scene_parser::camera_forw;
  funcMap["camera_up"] = &scene_parser::camera_up;
  funcMap["camera_angle"] = &scene_parser::camera_angle;
  funcMap["camera_resolution"] = &scene_parser::camera_resolution;
  funcMap["sphere"] = &scene_parser::sphere;
  funcMap["tsphere"] = &scene_parser::tsphere;
  funcMap["texture"] = &scene_parser::texture;
  funcMap["mesh"] = &scene_parser::mesh;
  funcMap["background"] = &scene_parser::background;
  funcMap["ambient_light"] = &scene_parser::ambient_light;
  funcMap["parallel_light"] = &scene_parser::parallel_light;
  funcMap["point_light"] = &scene_parser::point_light;
  funcMap["spot_light"] = &scene_parser::spot_light;
  funcMap["material"] = &scene_parser::material;
  funcMap["render"] = &scene_parser::render;
  funcMap["trace_depth"] = &scene_parser::trace_depth;
}

void scene_parser::apply_func(const std::vector<std::string> &line){
  if(line.size() != 0){
    std::map<std::string, parsefunc>::iterator it = funcMap.find(line[0]);
    if(it == funcMap.end()) throw unknown_command_exception();
    else{
      parsefunc f = it->second;
      this->*f(line); //line 86
    }
  }
}

void scene_parser::parse(const std::string &filename){
  std::vector<std::string> lines = tokenize_string(file_to_string(filename), "\n");

  std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > tokenized_lines;
  tokenized_lines.resize(lines.size());

  std::transform(lines.begin(), lines.end(), tokenized_lines.begin(), tokenized_lines.end(), std::bind2nd(std::ptr_fun(tokenize_string), std::string(" "))); //line 97

  std::for_each(tokenized_lines.begin(), tokenized_lines.end(), std::mem_fun(&scene_parser::apply_func)); //line 99
}

这是 tokenize_string

std::vector<std::string> tokenize_string(const std::string &s, const std::string &split_chars);

这里是错误:

Scene.cpp: In member function ‘void scene_parser::apply_func(const std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&)’:
Scene.cpp:86: error: must use ‘.*’ or ‘->*’ to call pointer-to-member function in ‘f (...)’, e.g. ‘(... ->* f) (...)’
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:712,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.4/memory:66,
                 from light.hpp:4,
                 from Scene.hpp:4,
                 from Scene.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/backward/binders.h: At global scope:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/backward/binders.h: In instantiation of ‘std::binder2nd<std::pointer_to_binary_function<const std::string&, const std::string&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > >’:
Scene.cpp:97:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/backward/binders.h:152: error: ‘typename _Operation::result_type std::binder2nd<_Operation>::operator()(typename _Operation::first_argument_type&) const [with _Operation = std::pointer_to_binary_function<const std::string&, const std::string&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >]’ cannot be overloaded
/usr/include/c++/4.4/backward/binders.h:146: error: with ‘typename _Operation::result_type std::binder2nd<_Operation>::operator()(const typename _Operation::first_argument_type&) const [with _Operation = std::pointer_to_binary_function<const std::string&, const std::string&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >]’
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.4/algorithm:62,
                 from Scene.cpp:5:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_OIter std::transform(_IIter1, _IIter1, _IIter2, _OIter, _BinaryOperation) [with _IIter1 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >*, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >, _IIter2 = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >*, std::vector<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >, std::allocator<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > > >, _OIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >*, std::vector<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >, std::allocator<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > > >, _BinaryOperation = std::binder2nd<std::pointer_to_binary_function<const std::string&, const std::string&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > >]’:
Scene.cpp:97:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:4741: error: no match for call to ‘(std::binder2nd<std::pointer_to_binary_function<const std::string&, const std::string&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > >) (std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/backward/binders.h:146: note: candidates are: typename _Operation::result_type std::binder2nd<_Operation>::operator()(const typename _Operation::first_argument_type&) const [with _Operation = std::pointer_to_binary_function<const std::string&, const std::string&, std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >]
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_Funct std::for_each(_IIter, _IIter, _Funct) [with _IIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >*, std::vector<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >, std::allocator<std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > > >, _Funct = std::mem_fun1_t<void, scene_parser, const std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&>]’:
Scene.cpp:99:   instantiated from here
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algo.h:4200: error: no match for call to ‘(std::mem_fun1_t<void, scene_parser, const std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&>) (std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_function.h:604: note: candidates are: _Ret std::mem_fun1_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg>::operator()(_Tp*, _Arg) const [with _Ret = void, _Tp = scene_parser, _Arg = const std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&]

它是在 Ubuntu 10.10 上用 gcc 4.4 编译的。

如有任何见解，我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

Scene.cpp: In member function ‘void scene_parser::apply_func(const std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >&)’:
Scene.cpp:86: error: must use ‘.*’ or ‘->*’ to call pointer-to-member function in ‘f (...)’, e.g. ‘(... ->* f) (...)’

注意第二行的后半部分。您只需将括号与成员函数指针 (PTMF) 一起使用:

void scene_parser::apply_func(const std::vector<std::string> &line) {
  if (line.size() != 0) {
    std::map<std::string, parsefunc>::iterator it = funcMap.find(line[0]);
    if (it == funcMap.end()) throw unknown_command_exception();
    else {
      parsefunc f = it->second;
      (this->*f)(line);  // line 86 (fixed)
    }
  }
}

我会简单地使用“正常”for 循环来“修复”其他错误；不幸的是，模板错误如此严重，我也讨厌它。

std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > tokenized_lines;
tokenized_lines.reserve(lines.size());
// c++0x: for (auto const &x : lines) {
for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator x = lines.begin(); x != lines.end(); ++x) {
  tokenized_lines.push_back(tokenize_string(*x), " ");  // no dereference in 0x
  tokenized_lines.back().apply_func();
}