c++ - Dijkstra 的算法 openmp 奇怪的行为

Question

我正在尝试运行我在此处下载的 Dijkstra 算法的 openmp 实现 heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/~matloff/OpenMP/Dijkstra.c

例如，如果我从 5 到 6 再添加一个顶点，以便从第 0 开始的路径经过两个顶点，我的程序无法给我正确的结果，说第 0 和第 6 之间的距离是无限的:^( 可能是什么原因？

#define LARGEINT 2<<30-1  // "infinity"
#define NV 6

// global variables, all shared by all threads by default

int ohd[NV][NV],  // 1-hop distances between vertices
mind[NV],  // min distances found so far
notdone[NV], // vertices not checked yet
nth,  // number of threads
chunk,  // number of vertices handled by each thread
md,  // current min over all threads
mv;  // vertex which achieves that min

void init(int ac, char **av)
{  int i,j;
for (i = 0; i < NV; i++)  
  for (j = 0; j < NV; j++)  {
     if (j == i) ohd[i][i] = 0;
     else ohd[i][j] = LARGEINT;
  }
ohd[0][1] = ohd[1][0] = 40;
ohd[0][2] = ohd[2][0] = 15;
ohd[1][2] = ohd[2][1] = 20;
ohd[1][3] = ohd[3][1] = 10;
ohd[1][4] = ohd[4][1] = 25;
ohd[2][3] = ohd[3][2] = 100;
ohd[1][5] = ohd[5][1] = 6;
ohd[4][5] = ohd[5][4] = 8;
for (i = 1; i < NV; i++)  {
  notdone[i] = 1;
  mind[i] = ohd[0][i];
}
}

// finds closest to 0 among notdone, among s through e
void findmymin(int s, int e, int *d, int *v)
{  int i;
  *d = LARGEINT; 
  for (i = s; i <= e; i++)
     if (notdone[i] && mind[i] < *d)  {
        *d = ohd[0][i];
        *v = i;
     }
}

// for each i in [s,e], ask whether a shorter path to i exists, through
// mv
void updateohd(int s, int e)
{  int i;
   for (i = s; i <= e; i++)
      if (mind[mv] + ohd[mv][i] < mind[i])  
     mind[i] = mind[mv] + ohd[mv][i];
}

void dowork()
{  
   #pragma omp parallel  // Note 1  
   {  int startv,endv,  // start, end vertices for this thread
      step,  // whole procedure goes NV steps
      mymd,  // min value found by this thread
      mymv,  // vertex which attains that value
      me = omp_get_thread_num();  // my thread number
      #pragma omp single   // Note 2
      {  nth = omp_get_num_threads();  chunk = NV/nth;  
     printf("there are %d threads\n",nth);  }
      // Note 3
      startv = me * chunk; 
      endv = startv + chunk - 1;
      for (step = 0; step < NV; step++)  {
     // find closest vertex to 0 among notdone; each thread finds
     // closest in its group, then we find overall closest
     #pragma omp single 
     {  md = LARGEINT; mv = 0;  }
     findmymin(startv,endv,&mymd,&mymv);
     // update overall min if mine is smaller
     #pragma omp critical  // Note 4
     {  if (mymd < md)  
          {  md = mymd; mv = mymv;  }
     }
     // mark new vertex as done 
     #pragma omp single 
     {  notdone[mv] = 0;  }
     // now update my section of ohd
     updateohd(startv,endv);
     #pragma omp barrier 
      }
   }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{  int i;
   init(argc,argv);
   dowork();  
   // back to single thread now
   printf("minimum distances:\n");
   for (i = 1; i < NV; i++)
      printf("%d\n",mind[i]);
}

Answer 1

这里有两个问题:

如果线程数不能均分value的个数，那么这种分工

  startv = me * chunk;
  endv = startv + chunk - 1;

将保留最后一个 (NV - nth*(NV/nth)) 元素未完成，这意味着距离保留在 LARGEINT。这可以通过多种方式解决；目前最简单的方法是将所有剩余工作交给最后一个线程

  if (me == (nth-1)) endv = NV-1;

(这会导致不必要的负载不平衡，但这是让代码正常工作的合理开始。)

另一个问题是在设置 notdone[]

之前遗漏了一个障碍

 #pragma omp barrier
 #pragma omp single 
 {  notdone[mv] = 0;  }

这确保 notdone 被更新并且 updateohd() 只有在每个人都完成了他们的 findmymin() 并更新了 之后才开始md 和 mv。

请注意，很容易在您开始使用的原始代码中引入错误；使用的全局变量使其很难推理。 John Burkardt 有一个 nicer version在他的网站上使用相同的算法进行教学，评论几乎非常好，更容易追踪。