c++ - Valgrind 在为字符串赋值时报告内存泄漏

Question

Valgrind 在为字符串赋值时报告内存泄漏。

我使用以下简单代码来测试 Valgrind 报告的内存泄漏。

/******************************************
* FILE: t3.c
* Compiled using : g++ -g t3.c -o t3
*
* $ g++ -v
* Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.4.6/specs
* Configured with: ./configure --prefix=/usr --infodir=/share/info --mandir=/share/man
*      --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-system-zlib --program-suffix=-3.4 --enable-threads=posix
* Thread model: posix
* gcc version 3.4.6
 ******************************************/


#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

/**************************************************************
 **************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   string test = "XXXXXXXXX";
   cout << "this is a test " << test << endl;
   exit(0);
}

我使用这个命令编译:

$ g++ -g t3.c -o t3

当我运行 Valgrind 时，当我尝试为字符串赋值时它会报告内存泄漏。我正在使用这个简单的测试来调查真实程序中的一些内存泄漏，似乎使用字符串会导致某种问题。

通过 0x8048A6F: main (t3.c:23) 是行:string test = "XXXXXXXXX"; 有人可以就这种奇怪的行为给出一些提示吗？

[enzo@P0101222 C]$   valgrind --leak-check=full  ./t3
==3910== Memcheck, a memory error detector.
==3910== Copyright (C) 2002-2007, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3910== Using LibVEX rev 1732, a library for dynamic binary translation.
==3910== Copyright (C) 2004-2007, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP.
==3910== Using valgrind-3.2.3, a dynamic binary instrumentation framework.
==3910== Copyright (C) 2000-2007, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3910== For more details, rerun with: -v
==3910==
this is a test XXXXXXXXX
==3910==
==3910== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 25 from 1)
==3910== malloc/free: in use at exit: 102 bytes in 3 blocks.
==3910== malloc/free: 4 allocs, 1 frees, 126 bytes allocated.
==3910== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==3910== searching for pointers to 3 not-freed blocks.
==3910== checked 194,136 bytes.
==3910==
==3910== 16 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 3
==3910==    at 0x4017846: malloc (m_replacemalloc/vg_replace_malloc.c:149)
==3910==    by 0x4018E05: realloc (m_replacemalloc/vg_replace_malloc.c:306)
==3910==    by 0x41B441A: argz_append (in /lib/libc-2.2.5.so)
==3910==    by 0x41593B9: __newlocale (in /lib/libc-2.2.5.so)
==3910==    by 0x40E010B: std::locale::facet::_S_create_c_locale(__locale_struct*&, char const*, __locale_struct*) (c++locale.cc:99)
==3910==    by 0x407EF6F: std::locale::facet::_S_initialize_once() (../../.././libstdc++-v3/src/locale.cc:172)
==3910==    by 0x407EFB4: std::locale::facet::_S_get_c_locale() (../../.././libstdc++-v3/src/locale.cc:185)
==3910==    by 0x407A422: std::ctype<char>::ctype(unsigned short const*, bool, unsigned) (/usr3/BUILD/gcc/gcc-3.4.6/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/include/i686-pc-linux-gnu/bits/ctype_noninline.h:104)
==3910==    by 0x40801D5: std::locale::_Impl::_Impl(unsigned) (/usr3/BUILD/gcc/gcc-3.4.6/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/new:92)
==3910==    by 0x4080EED: std::locale::_S_initialize_once() (/usr3/BUILD/gcc/gcc-3.4.6/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/new:92)
==3910==    by 0x4080F84: std::locale::_S_initialize() (../../.././libstdc++-v3/src/locale_init.cc:155)
==3910==    by 0x4080FE7: std::locale::locale() (../../.././libstdc++-v3/src/locale_init.cc:102)
==3910==
==3910==
==3910== 22 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 2 of 3
==3910==    at 0x4017C38: operator new(unsigned) (m_replacemalloc/vg_replace_malloc.c:163)
==3910==    by 0x40BF2C4: std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned, unsigned, std::allocator<char> const&) (/usr3/BUILD/gcc/gcc-3.4.6/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/new_allocator.h:81)
==3910==    by 0x40C1CE4: char* std::string::_S_construct<char const*>(char const*, char const*, std::allocator<char> const&, std::forward_iterator_tag) (/usr3/BUILD/gcc/gcc-3.4.6/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.tcc:150)
==3910==    by 0x40C1E15: std::string::string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&) (/usr3/BUILD/gcc/gcc-3.4.6/i686-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h:1386)
==3910==    **by 0x8048A6F: main (t3.c:23)**
==3910==
==3910== LEAK SUMMARY:
==3910==    definitely lost: 16 bytes in 1 blocks.
==3910==      **possibly lost: 22 bytes in 1 blocks.**
==3910==    still reachable: 64 bytes in 1 blocks.
==3910==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==3910== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.
==3910== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes
[enzo@P0101222 C]$

Answer 1

因为您调用了 exit(0)，所以永远不会调用字符串析构函数。只需使用 return 0。

详细来说，std::string 的构造函数分配堆内存来存储字符串，依赖于析构函数来释放该内存。如果你在栈上声明了一个字符串对象，当字符串对象超出范围时，析构函数将自动被调用，从而释放内存。但是 exit 实际上是一种 C 机制；它会立即退出程序而不执行堆栈展开，这意味着不会调用本地堆栈对象的 C++ 析构函数。