我想实现的目标:
我想在一张图上创建多个饼图。他们都共享一些类别,但有时有不同的类别。显然,我希望所有相同的类别都具有相同的颜色。
这就是为什么我创建了一个将类别(= 标签)链接到颜色的字典。这样我就可以指定饼图的颜色。但我想使用 ggplot 颜色(matplotlib.style.style.use('ggplot') 附带)。我怎样才能将这些颜色输入到我的字典中?
# set colors for labels
color_dict = {}
for i in range(0, len(data_categories)):
color_dict[data_categories[i]] = ???
# apply colors
ind_label = 0
for pie_wedge in pie[0]:
leg = ax[ind].get_legend()
pie_wedge.set_facecolor(color_dict[labels_0[ind_label]])
leg.legendHandles[ind_label].set_color_(color_dict[labels_0[ind_label]])
ind_label += 1
简答
要访问 ggplot
样式中使用的颜色,您可以执行以下操作
In [37]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
In [38]: plt.style.use('ggplot')
In [39]: colors = plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'].by_key()['color']
In [40]: print('\n'.join(color for color in colors))
#E24A33
#348ABD
#988ED5
#777777
#FBC15E
#8EBA42
#FFB5B8
在上面的示例中,颜色作为 RGB 字符串包含在列表 colors
中。
记得在访问颜色列表之前调用plt.style.use(...)
,否则您会找到标准颜色。
更详细的解释
上面的答案是为现代版本的 Matplotlib 量身定制的,其中绘图颜色和可能的其他绘图属性,如线宽和破折号(参见 this answer of mine)存储在 rcParams
字典中key 'axes.prop_cycle'
并包含在一种新的对象中,一个 cycler
(关于 cycler
的另一种解释包含在我上面引用的答案中)。
要获取颜色列表,我们必须从rcParams
获取cycler
,然后使用它的.by_key()
方法
Signature: c.by_key()
Docstring: Values by key
This returns the transposed values of the cycler. Iterating
over a `Cycler` yields dicts with a single value for each key,
this method returns a `dict` of `list` which are the values
for the given key.
The returned value can be used to create an equivalent `Cycler`
using only `+`.
Returns
-------
transpose : dict
dict of lists of the values for each key.
要有一个值的字典,最后我们使用键 'color'
进行索引。
附录
更新,2023 年 1 月 1 日。
use('a_style')
访问其颜色并不是绝对必要的,颜色(可能)定义在存储的 matplotlib.RcParams
对象中在字典 matplotlib.style.library
.
例如,让我们打印在不同样式中定义的所有颜色序列
In [23]: for style in sorted(plt.style.library):
...: the_rc = plt.style.library[style]
...: if 'axes.prop_cycle' in the_rc:
...: colors = the_rc['axes.prop_cycle'].by_key()['color']
...: print('%25s: %s'%(style, ', '.join(color for color in colors)))
...: else:
...: print('%25s: this style does not modify colors'%style)
Solarize_Light2: #268BD2, #2AA198, #859900, #B58900, #CB4B16, #DC322F, #D33682, #6C71C4
_classic_test_patch: this style does not modify colors
_mpl-gallery: this style does not modify colors
_mpl-gallery-nogrid: this style does not modify colors
bmh: #348ABD, #A60628, #7A68A6, #467821, #D55E00, #CC79A7, #56B4E9, #009E73, #F0E442, #0072B2
classic: b, g, r, c, m, y, k
dark_background: #8dd3c7, #feffb3, #bfbbd9, #fa8174, #81b1d2, #fdb462, #b3de69, #bc82bd, #ccebc4, #ffed6f
fast: this style does not modify colors
fivethirtyeight: #008fd5, #fc4f30, #e5ae38, #6d904f, #8b8b8b, #810f7c
ggplot: #E24A33, #348ABD, #988ED5, #777777, #FBC15E, #8EBA42, #FFB5B8
grayscale: 0.00, 0.40, 0.60, 0.70
seaborn: #4C72B0, #55A868, #C44E52, #8172B2, #CCB974, #64B5CD
seaborn-bright: #003FFF, #03ED3A, #E8000B, #8A2BE2, #FFC400, #00D7FF
seaborn-colorblind: #0072B2, #009E73, #D55E00, #CC79A7, #F0E442, #56B4E9
seaborn-dark: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-dark-palette: #001C7F, #017517, #8C0900, #7600A1, #B8860B, #006374
seaborn-darkgrid: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-deep: #4C72B0, #55A868, #C44E52, #8172B2, #CCB974, #64B5CD
seaborn-muted: #4878CF, #6ACC65, #D65F5F, #B47CC7, #C4AD66, #77BEDB
seaborn-notebook: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-paper: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-pastel: #92C6FF, #97F0AA, #FF9F9A, #D0BBFF, #FFFEA3, #B0E0E6
seaborn-poster: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-talk: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-ticks: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-white: this style does not modify colors
seaborn-whitegrid: this style does not modify colors
tableau-colorblind10: #006BA4, #FF800E, #ABABAB, #595959, #5F9ED1, #C85200, #898989, #A2C8EC, #FFBC79, #CFCFCF
我的理解
- 不修改颜色的
seaborn-xxx
样式将用作样式序列的最后一步,例如,plt.style.use(['seaborn', 'seaborn-poster'])
或 plt.style.use(['seaborn', 'seaborn-muted', 'seaborn-poster'])
_
起始样式也用于修改其他样式,并且
- 唯一不修改颜色的其他样式
fast
就是调整渲染参数以获得更快渲染。