python - 如何从文件在 Python 中创建字典，其中值是一个列表

Question

我有一个 txt 文件，我想将值读入字典。与普通字典不同的是，每个key的值都是一个值对，例如:

tiger eat meat
tiger eat people
rabbit eat carrot
people can walk
trees has root
people has hand

我想要一本字典，

tiger, {eat, meat}, {eat, people}
rabbit, {eat, carrot}
trees, {has, root}
people, {can, walk}, {has, hand}

我是否应该只读取行，拆分(\n) 为3 个项目并将第一个存储为键，将其余两个存储为值？或者有更好的方法来存储这两个值？

我的目标是，当我查询老虎吃什么时，我想得到答案 meat 和 people。

Answer 1

import collections

lines=[]
with open('data1', 'r') as f:
    lines=list(map(lambda line:line.strip(), f.readlines()))

d, flag=collections.defaultdict(list), False
for line in lines:
    temp=list(map(lambda x:x.strip(), line.split()))
    d[temp[0]].append(temp[1:])
print(d)

这是输出:

$ cat data1
tiger eat meat
tiger eat people
rabbit eat carrot
people can walk
trees has root
people has hand
$ python3 a.py 
defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {'rabbit': [['eat', 'carrot']], 'trees': [['has', 'root']], 'tiger': [['eat', 'meat'], ['eat', 'people']], 'people': [['can', 'walk'], ['has', 'hand']]})

如果你想要这个结构:

$ python3 a.py 
defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {'people': [{'can': 'walk'}, {'has': 'hand'}], 'tiger': [{'eat': 'meat'}, {'eat': 'people'}], 'trees': [{'has': 'root'}], 'rabbit': [{'eat': 'carrot'}]})

将脚本中的倒数第二行替换为:

d[temp[0]].append({temp[1]:temp[2]})