python - 在 Django 中使用 shell

Question

我是 Django 的新手，我想为 Django 网络投票应用程序编写一个测试 (https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/intro/tutorial01/)

但是我得到了这个错误:

devuser@localhost:~/Django-apps/poolApp$ django-admin shell --plain --no-startup
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/django-admin", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('Django==1.8.3', 'console_scripts', 'django-admin')()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 330, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/base.py", line 405, in run_from_argv
    connections.close_all()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/db/utils.py", line 258, in close_all
    for alias in self:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/db/utils.py", line 252, in __iter__
    return iter(self.databases)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/utils/functional.py", line 60, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/db/utils.py", line 151, in databases
    self._databases = settings.DATABASES
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 42, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

我想知道最好的方法是什么:

定义环境变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 或调用 settings.configure()

Answer 1

使用manage.py，而不是django-admin。