python - 是否可以使用 Scrapy 通过代理访问 https 页面？

Question

我在Scrapy中通过代理可以成功访问http页面，但是无法访问https站点。我已经研究了这个话题，但我仍然不清楚。是否可以使用 Scrapy 通过代理访问 https 页面？我需要修补什么吗？或者添加一些自定义代码？如果可以确认这是一个标准功能，我可以跟进更多细节。希望这是一个简单的过程。

已编辑:

这是我添加到设置文件中的内容:

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110, 'test_website.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100}
PROXIES = [{'ip_port': 'us-il.proxymesh.com:31280', 'user_pass': 'username:password'}]

这是我的蜘蛛的代码:

import scrapy

class TestSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "test_spider"
    allowed_domains = "ipify.org"
     start_urls = ["https://api.ipify.org"]

    def parse(self, response):
        with open('test.html', 'wb') as f:
            f.write(response.body)

中间件文件如下:

import base64
import random
from settings import PROXIES

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
        if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
            encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy['user_pass'])
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass            
        else:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']

这是日志文件:

2015-08-12 20:15:50 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.3 started (bot: test_website)
2015-08-12 20:15:50 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11
2015-08-12 20:15:50 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'test_website.spiders', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['test_website.spiders'], 'LOG_STDOUT': True, 'LOG_FILE': 'log.txt', 'BOT_NAME': 'test_website'}
2015-08-12 20:15:51 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions: CloseSpider, TelnetConsole, LogStats, CoreStats, SpiderState
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: ProxyMiddleware, HttpAuthMiddleware, DownloadTimeoutMiddleware, UserAgentMiddleware, RetryMiddleware, DefaultHeadersMiddleware, MetaRefreshMiddleware, HttpCompressionMiddleware, RedirectMiddleware, CookiesMiddleware, ChunkedTransferMiddleware, DownloaderStats
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: HttpErrorMiddleware, OffsiteMiddleware, RefererMiddleware, UrlLengthMiddleware, DepthMiddleware
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: 
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] DEBUG: Retrying <GET https://api.ipify.org> (failed 1 times): [<twisted.python.failure.Failure <class 'OpenSSL.SSL.Error'>>]
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] DEBUG: Retrying <GET https://api.ipify.org> (failed 2 times): [<twisted.python.failure.Failure <class 'OpenSSL.SSL.Error'>>]
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] DEBUG: Gave up retrying <GET https://api.ipify.org> (failed 3 times): [<twisted.python.failure.Failure <class 'OpenSSL.SSL.Error'>>]
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] ERROR: Error downloading <GET https://api.ipify.org>: [<twisted.python.failure.Failure <class 'OpenSSL.SSL.Error'>>]
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/exception_count': 3,
 'downloader/exception_type_count/twisted.web._newclient.ResponseNeverReceived': 3,
 'downloader/request_bytes': 819,
 'downloader/request_count': 3,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 3,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 8, 13, 2, 15, 53, 943000),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 4,
 'log_count/ERROR': 1,
 'log_count/INFO': 7,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 3,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 3,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 3,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 3,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 8, 13, 2, 15, 53, 38000)}
2015-08-12 20:15:53 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

如果删除“https”中的“s”或禁用代理，我的爬虫会成功运行。我可以通过我的浏览器通过代理访问https页面。

Answer 1

我得到这个是因为在代理中间件中使用 base64.encodestring 而不是 base64.b64encode 。尝试更改它。