我在使用 pyinstaller 运行编译脚本时遇到问题。我进行了编译，然后遇到了有据可查的导入模块问题。我根据它们在编译的 exe 运行时抛出的异常手动将这些缺失的模块添加到 .spec 文件的 < hiddenimports=> 字段。不幸的是，我遇到了一个问题，它现在要求“util”。这不是特别有用，因为这可能是许多不同模块的子模块。
到目前为止，我已经添加了 'ctypes.util'、'pandas.util'、'distutils.util'，它们是 pyinstaller 输出的警告文件中包含的所有 .util 模块。
有谁知道可能导致此问题的通用模块，或者如果像这样将它们添加到 .spec 文件中不足以解决此问题？
到目前为止调试我有:
包括详细选项 [('v',None,'OPTION')]，尽管这似乎不会返回缺少哪些模块。
检查了警告文件，其中给出了一些缺少模块的指示。我已经添加了我能看到的所有“.util”模块。
该脚本确实使用了一些地理空间模块，例如 GDAL 和 Mapnik，它们绑定(bind)到外部程序并且可能是缺失模块的来源。
Warning file太大而无法发布，所以我把它放在这里。
有点挫败感，担心自己永远无法将这个脚本打包成exe。如果有人可以建议如何进行错误测试，或者可以建议一些错误。非常感谢。
.spec 文件的副本
# -*- mode: python -*-
a = Analysis(['GIS_Helper.py'],
pathex=['C:\\Users\\Hp\\PycharmProjects\\GISdev'],
hiddenimports=['scipy.linalg.cython_blas', 'scipy.linalg.cython_lapack', 'scipy.special._ufuncs_cxx', 'multiprocessing', 'multiprocessing.process', 'ctypes.util', 'pandas.util', 'distutils.util'],
hookspath=None,
runtime_hooks=None)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure)
exe = EXE(pyz,
a.scripts,
[('v',None,'OPTION')],
a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
name='GIS_Helper.exe',
debug=False,
strip=None,
upx=True,
console=True )
编辑:这是使用 -verbose 标志捕获的运行时调试。
# installing zipimport hook
import zipimport # builtin
# installed zipimport hook
import marshal # builtin
import _struct # builtin
import nt # builtin
import imp # builtin
import zlib # builtin
import errno # builtin
import _weakref # builtin
import _codecs # builtin
import _sre # builtin
import _locale # builtin
import _ctypes # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\_ctypes.pyd
import PIL._imaging # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\PIL._imaging.pyd
import _collections # builtin
import operator # builtin
import itertools # builtin
import _heapq # builtin
import thread # builtin
import _io # builtin
import array # builtin
import math # builtin
import strop # builtin
import _functools # builtin
import binascii # builtin
import _hashlib # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\_hashlib.pyd
import _random # builtin
import cStringIO # builtin
import time # builtin
import datetime # builtin
import _socket # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\_socket.pyd
import _ssl # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\_ssl.pyd
import parser # builtin
import win32api # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\win32api.pyd
import pywintypes # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pywintypes27.dll
import pythoncom # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pythoncom27.dll
import pyproj._proj # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pyproj._proj.pyd
import numpy.core.multiarray # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.core.multiarray.pyd
import numpy.core.umath # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.core.umath.pyd
import cPickle # builtin
import numpy.core._dotblas # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.core._dotblas.pyd
import numpy.core.scalarmath # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.core.scalarmath.pyd
import numpy.lib._compiled_base # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.lib._compiled_base.pyd
import numpy.linalg.lapack_lite # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.linalg.lapack_lite.pyd
import numpy.linalg._umath_linalg # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.linalg._umath_linalg.pyd
import future_builtins # builtin
import numpy.fft.fftpack_lite # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.fft.fftpack_lite.pyd
import numpy.random.mtrand # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\numpy.random.mtrand.pyd
import pandas.hashtable # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.hashtable.pyd
import _winreg # builtin
import gc # builtin
import msvcrt # builtin
import _subprocess # builtin
import _bisect # builtin
import pandas.tslib # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.tslib.pyd
import pandas.lib # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.lib.pyd
import _csv # builtin
import pandas.algos # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.algos.pyd
import pandas.index # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.index.pyd
import pandas._period # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas._period.pyd
import pandas._sparse # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas._sparse.pyd
import matplotlib._path # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\matplotlib._path.pyd
import _ast # builtin
import pandas.parser # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.parser.pyd
import pandas.json # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.json.pyd
import pandas.msgpack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas.msgpack.pyd
import pandas._testing # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\pandas._testing.pyd
import scipy.linalg._fblas # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg._fblas.pyd
import scipy.linalg._flapack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg._flapack.pyd
import scipy.linalg._flinalg # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg._flinalg.pyd
import scipy.linalg._solve_toeplitz # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg._solve_toeplitz.pyd
import scipy.linalg.cython_blas # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg.cython_blas.pyd
import scipy.linalg.cython_lapack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg.cython_lapack.pyd
import scipy.linalg._decomp_update # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.linalg._decomp_update.pyd
import scipy.special._ufuncs_cxx # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.special._ufuncs_cxx.pyd
import scipy.special._ufuncs # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.special._ufuncs.pyd
import scipy.special.specfun # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.special.specfun.pyd
import scipy.integrate._odepack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.integrate._odepack.pyd
import scipy.integrate._quadpack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.integrate._quadpack.pyd
import scipy.integrate.vode # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.integrate.vode.pyd
import scipy.integrate._dop # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.integrate._dop.pyd
import scipy.integrate.lsoda # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.integrate.lsoda.pyd
import scipy.special._ellip_harm_2 # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.special._ellip_harm_2.pyd
import scipy.interpolate._fitpack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.interpolate._fitpack.pyd
import scipy.interpolate.dfitpack # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.interpolate.dfitpack.pyd
import scipy.interpolate._ppoly # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.interpolate._ppoly.pyd
import scipy.sparse._sparsetools # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse._sparsetools.pyd
import scipy.sparse._csparsetools # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse._csparsetools.pyd
import scipy.sparse.csgraph._tools # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse.csgraph._tools.pyd
import scipy.sparse.csgraph._shortest_path # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse.csgraph._shortest_path.pyd
import scipy.sparse.csgraph._traversal # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse.csgraph._traversal.pyd
import scipy.sparse.csgraph._min_spanning_tree # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse.csgraph._min_spanning_tree.pyd
import scipy.sparse.csgraph._reordering # dynamically loaded from C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\scipy.sparse.csgraph._reordering.pyd
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 13, in <module>
File "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\build\gis_helper\out00-PYZ.pyz\scipy.interpolate", line 145, in <module>
File "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\build\gis_helper\out00-PYZ.pyz\scipy.interpolate.interpolate", line 31, in <module>
File "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py", line 409, in load_module
module = imp.load_module(fullname, fp, filename, self._c_ext_tuple)
File "scipy/interpolate/interpnd.pyx", line 1, in init scipy.interpolate.interpnd (scipy\interpolate\interpnd.c:24330)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\build\gis_helper\out00-PYZ.pyz\scipy.spatial", line 91, in <module>
File "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py", line 409, in load_module
module = imp.load_module(fullname, fp, filename, self._c_ext_tuple)
File "ckdtree.pyx", line 18, in init ckdtree (scipy\spatial\ckdtree\ckdtree.cxx:22601)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\build\gis_helper\out00-PYZ.pyz\multiprocessing", line 65, in <module>
ImportError: No module named util
WARNING: file already exists but should not: C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI81202\Include\pyconfig.h
此外，构建编译的输出
46 INFO: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources...
77 INFO: ... resource update available
77 INFO: UPX is not available.
93 INFO: Processing hook hook-os
218 INFO: Processing hook hook-time
233 INFO: Processing hook hook-cPickle
296 INFO: Processing hook hook-_sre
437 INFO: Processing hook hook-cStringIO
530 INFO: Processing hook hook-encodings
546 INFO: Processing hook hook-codecs
967 INFO: Processing hook hook-httplib
983 INFO: Processing hook hook-email
1108 INFO: Processing hook hook-email.message
1345 WARNING: library python%s%s required via ctypes not found
1486 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev
1486 INFO: checking Analysis
1486 INFO: building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc non existent
1486 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
1486 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT to dependent assemblies of final executable
1611 INFO: Searching for assembly x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none ...
1611 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91.manifest
1611 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll
1611 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91\msvcr90.dll
1611 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll
1611 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91\msvcp90.dll
1611 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll
1611 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91\msvcm90.dll
1704 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\_pyi_bootstrap.py
1720 INFO: Processing hook hook-os
1736 INFO: Processing hook hook-site
1750 INFO: Processing hook hook-encodings
1861 INFO: Processing hook hook-time
1875 INFO: Processing hook hook-cPickle
1953 INFO: Processing hook hook-_sre
2095 INFO: Processing hook hook-cStringIO
2203 INFO: Processing hook hook-codecs
2625 INFO: Processing hook hook-httplib
2625 INFO: Processing hook hook-email
2750 INFO: Processing hook hook-email.message
3000 WARNING: library python%s%s required via ctypes not found
3233 INFO: Processing hook hook-pydoc
3296 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py
3405 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_archive.py
3514 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_carchive.py
3623 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_os_path.py
3623 INFO: Analyzing GIS_Helper.py
3655 INFO: Processing hook hook-PIL
3687 INFO: Processing hook hook-PIL.Image
3873 INFO: Processing hook hook-scipy.sparse.csgraph
4123 INFO: Processing hook hook-matplotlib
5046 INFO: Processing hook hook-parser
5171 INFO: Processing hook hook-distutils
5599 INFO: Processing hook hook-setuptools
5894 INFO: Processing hook hook-sysconfig
5925 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml
5987 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml.sax
6020 INFO: Processing hook hook-pyexpat
6098 INFO: Processing hook hook-win32com
6098 INFO: Processing hook hook-win32com.client
6115 INFO: Processing hook hook-pythoncom
6177 INFO: Processing hook hook-pywintypes
6302 INFO: Processing hook hook-win32ui
6832 WARNING: library libc.so.1 required via ctypes not found
9233 INFO: Processing hook hook-pytz
16182 INFO: Processing hook hook-matplotlib.backends
16579 INFO: Processing hook hook-_tkinter
16737 INFO: checking Tree
16737 INFO: building because out00-Tree.toc missing or bad
16737 INFO: building Tree out00-Tree.toc
17000 INFO: checking Tree
17000 INFO: building because out01-Tree.toc missing or bad
17000 INFO: building Tree out01-Tree.toc
17875 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'scipy.linalg.cython_blas'
17875 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'scipy.linalg.cython_lapack'
17875 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'scipy.special._ufuncs_cxx'
17875 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'multiprocessing'
17875 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'multiprocessing.process'
17875 INFO: Hidden import 'ctypes.util' has been found otherwise
17875 INFO: Hidden import 'codecs' has been found otherwise
17875 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise
17875 INFO: Looking for run-time hooks
17875 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_PIL_Image.py
17984 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_Tkinter.py
18093 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_mplconfig.py
18218 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_mpldata.py
18312 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_pkgres.py
18500 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py
21330 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.MFC to dependent assemblies of final executable
21455 INFO: Searching for assembly x86_Microsoft.VC90.MFC_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none ...
21455 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86.manifest
21455 INFO: Searching for file mfc90.dll
21455 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfc90.dll
21455 INFO: Searching for file mfc90u.dll
21455 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfc90u.dll
21455 INFO: Searching for file mfcm90.dll
21455 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfcm90.dll
21455 INFO: Searching for file mfcm90u.dll
21455 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfcm90u.dll
23396 INFO: Searching for assembly x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.6161_none ...
23398 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.6161_none_50934f2ebcb7eb57.manifest
23398 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll
23398 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.6161_none_50934f2ebcb7eb57\msvcr90.dll
23398 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll
23398 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.6161_none_50934f2ebcb7eb57\msvcp90.dll
23398 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll
23398 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.6161_none_50934f2ebcb7eb57\msvcm90.dll
23736 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
24282 INFO: Using Python library C:\Windows\system32\python27.dll
24542 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\build\GIS_Helper2\warnGIS_Helper2.txt
24572 INFO: checking PYZ
24573 INFO: rebuilding out00-PYZ.toc because out00-PYZ.pyz is missing
24573 INFO: building PYZ (ZlibArchive) out00-PYZ.toc
30790 INFO: checking PKG
30792 INFO: rebuilding out00-PKG.toc because out00-PKG.pkg is missing
30792 INFO: building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg
56437 INFO: checking EXE
56438 INFO: building because out00-EXE.toc missing or bad
56438 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc
57085 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\dist\GIS_Helper.exe`
最佳答案
随附的回溯日志表明错误的根本原因在 Python 的内置 multiprocessing 模块中:
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
...
...
File "C:\Users\Hp\PycharmProjects\GISdev\build\gis_helper\out00-PYZ.pyz\multiprocessing", line 65, in <module>
ImportError: No module named util
事实上，multiprocessing 的 __init__.py 文件在第 65 行中有以下 import 语句:from multiprocessing.util import SUBDEBUG，SUBWARNING。
尝试将 multiprocessing.util 指定为隐藏导入，看看它是否能解决问题。
关于python - 使用 pyinstaller 时出现“No module named util”错误，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32630704/