python - 我正在尝试安装 ipython 但出现权限错误

Question

我使用命令 pip3 install ipython 但出现这些错误 我需要安装 virtualenv 吗？

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install
    **kwargs
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
    isolated=self.isolated,
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber
    ensure_dir(destdir)
  File "/home/saurabh/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir
    os.makedirs(path)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/os.py", line 241, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython'

Answer 1

错误消息揭示了问题:您无权写入该文件夹，因为 /usr/... 是系统文件夹。

PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython'

您需要使用sudo进行全局安装，或者仅使用--user选项安装它们，该选项仅为当前用户而不是所有人安装软件包:

pip install ipython --user

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或者也许更好的选择是使用 virtual environment它为您隔离软件包。