python - sqlalchemy 关系 PrimaryJoin 与自身列和父列

Question

如果我有模型:

class A(Base):
    a_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    other = Column(Text)
    name = Column(Text)


class B(Base):
    b_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    other = Column(Text)


class C(Base):
    c_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    b_id = Column(ForeignKey(B.b_id))
    b = relationship(B)
    name = Column(Text)

    a = relationship(
        A,
        primaryjoin=and_(
            A.name == foreign(name),
            A.other == foreign(B.other)))

如何获得关系 C.a工作 session.query(C).options(joinedload(C.a))不会失败。

在普通 SQL 中我会这样做:

select * from c 
join b using(b_id) 
join a on a.name = c.name and a.other = b.other

a.name, a.other 存在唯一约束，所以我知道我会得到 1 或 0 a每c .

我想我需要使用secondary=在某种程度上，但我能找到的所有示例都是纯粹的多对多示例。

谢谢!

Answer 1

您必须使用 relationship to a non primary mapper 而不是辅助设备。 ，因为:

There is one complex join case where even this technique (composite "secondary" join) is not sufficient; when we seek to join from A to B, making use of any number of C, D, etc. in between, however there are also join conditions between A and B directly. In this case, the join from A to B may be difficult to express with just a complex primaryjoin condition, as the intermediary tables may need special handling, and it is also not expressable with a secondary object, since the A->secondary->B pattern does not support any references between A and B directly.

因此，按照文档中的示例，我们可以使用 non primary mapper 建立您的关系。将类 A 映射到表 a 和 b 之间的联接:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, Text, ForeignKey, join, and_
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, mapper, sessionmaker, foreign
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///', echo=True)
Base = declarative_base()
Base.metadata.bind = engine
Session = sessionmaker()

class A(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'a'
    a_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    other = Column(Text)
    name = Column(Text)


class B(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'b'
    b_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    other = Column(Text)

j = join(A, B, A.other == B.other)
A_viab = mapper(A, j, non_primary=True, properties={
    "other": [j.c.a_other, j.c.b_other]
})


class C(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'c'
    c_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    b_id = Column(ForeignKey(B.b_id))
    b = relationship(B)
    name = Column(Text)

    a = relationship(
        A_viab,
        primaryjoin=and_(foreign(name) == A_viab.c.name,
                         b_id == A_viab.c.b_id))

实际操作:

In [4]: session.add(A(name='name', other='other'))

In [5]: session.add(C(name='name', b=B(other='other')))

In [6]: session.commit()
...

In [7]: c = session.query(C).options(joinedload(C.a)).first()
2018-01-04 15:10:21,338 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine BEGIN (implicit)
2018-01-04 15:10:21,340 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT c.c_id AS c_c_id, c.b_id AS c_b_id, c.name AS c_name, a_1.other AS a_1_other, b_1.other AS b_1_other, a_1.a_id AS a_1_a_id, a_1.name AS a_1_name, b_1.b_id AS b_1_b_id 
FROM c LEFT OUTER JOIN (a AS a_1 JOIN b AS b_1 ON a_1.other = b_1.other) ON c.name = a_1.name AND c.b_id = b_1.b_id
 LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
2018-01-04 15:10:21,340 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine (1, 0)

In [8]: c.a
Out[8]: <cplxjoin.A at 0x7f0c81599630>

生成的查询与您的手动 SQL 并不完全相同，但 afaic 应该是等效的。