python - 尝试用 python 更快地渲染 ASCII 艺术

Question

我正在尝试用 python 构建一个基于文本的开放世界游戏

world = [["=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","="],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
    ]

for i in world:
    for j in i:
        print(j, end="")
    print("")

此代码成功打印了世界地图，尽管速度有点慢。有没有办法提高性能？最终我想要一张巨大的 map ，玩家可以在其中移动、与敌人、NPC 等互动。有什么方法可以加快渲染速度，使其达到 0.1 FPS 以上吗？

我使用的是 Python 3.7 IDLE。

谢谢!

Answer 1

字符串在Python中已经是只读迭代器。所以你可以做类似的事情

world = [
    "  X  ",
    " XXX ",
    " X   ",
    ]
for row in world:
    print(row)

但是您确实应该尽量减少对 print 的更多调用，这很慢。也许您只能使用一个三引号字符串？

world = """\
  X  
 XXX 
  X   """

print(world)

对于这样的字符串，您可以通过计算其前面的字符数来访问 (i,j) 元素。每行有 board_width + 1 个字符(不要忘记计算换行符)，并且元素 j 之前有 (i,j) 行。另外，在 0 处建立索引，您在与 i 相同的行上有 (i,j) 个元素，但位于 (i,j) 的左侧，因此 (i,j) 元素是 world[(row_width + 1) * j + i] 。

如果您想保留双数组，因为它是可变的，请考虑在打印之前将其合并为单个字符串。为此，请使用 map 在一次调用中合并每一行。

displayedWorld = "\n".join(map("".join, world))

edit1:你可以像TrebuchetMS那样进行列表理解，但它实际上构建了一个列表，而在python3中，map将创建一个迭代器，它不需要在调用"\n".map之前存储所有转换的行，而是动态计算转换行的列表，而不将它们存储在列表中。

edit2:对于世界的部分渲染，只需在构建字符串之前使用列表的范围选择。例如，world[j1:j2] 仅包含从索引 j1(包含)到索引 j2(排除)的世界行。因此，如果您想显示从 (i,j) 开始、尺寸为 (w,h) 的矩形，请执行以下操作:

displayedWorld = "\n".join(map(lambda row: "".join(row[i:i+w]), world[j:j+h]))

这使用了一个新的习惯用法，即 lambda，它只是一个未命名的函数。 lambda lambda row: "".join(row) 相当于方法 "".join 。因此 lambda row: "".join(row[i:i+w]) 仅合并行中从 i 到 i+w 的情况。请注意，我们还只选择了世界上从 j 到 j+h 的行。