python - 使用 beautiful soup 有条件地获取类内容

Question

我想使用 BeautifulSoup 来查找子标签(增益或损失)大于0的标签。然后我想打印内部标签“增益”“损失”和“band.textualrepresentation”的内容”。这本质上就是我想要的脚本(尽管这个脚本不起作用)。

import sys
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as Soup

def parseLog(file):
        file = sys.argv[1]
        handler = open(file).read()
        soup = Soup(handler)
        for anytype in soup('anytype', 'gains'.string>0 || 'losses'.string>0):
                gain = anytype.gains.string
                loss = anytype.losses.string
                band = anytype.band.textualrepresentation.string
                print gain loss band

parseLog(sys.argv[1])

我一开始就遇到了麻烦，连 yield 的内容都无法打印，更别说打印符合一定条件的内容了。我当前的脚本

def parseLog(file):
        file = sys.argv[1]
        handler = open(file).read()
        soup = Soup(handler)
        for anytype in soup.findall('anytype'):
                gain = anytype.fetch('gains')
                print gain

parseLog(sys.argv[1])

返回

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./soup.py", line 13, in <module>
    parseLog(sys.argv[1])
  File "./soup.py", line 9, in parseLog
    for anytype in soup.findall('anytype'):
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable

.

示例输入

      <anytype xsi:type="GainLossStruct">
         <band>
          <textualrepresentation>
           22q11.1
          </textualrepresentation>
         </band>
         <gains>
          2
         </gains>
         <losses>
          1
         </losses>
         <structs>
          0
         </structs>
        </anytype>
        <anytype xsi:type="GainLossStruct">
         <band>
          <textualrepresentation>
           22q11.2
          </textualrepresentation>
         </band>
         <gains>
          0
         </gains>
         <losses>
          1
         </losses>
         <structs>
          0
         </structs>
        </anytype>
        <anytype xsi:type="GainLossStruct">
         <band>
          <textualrepresentation>
           22q12
          </textualrepresentation>
         </band>
         <gains>
          0
         </gains>
         <losses>
          0
         </losses>
         <structs>
          0
         </structs>
        </anytype>

示例输出

2  1  22q11.1
0  1  22q11.2

.

.

更新 目前的解决方案

import sys
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as Soup

def parseLog(file):
        file = sys.argv[1]
        handler = open(file).read()
        soup = Soup(handler)
        for anytype in soup(lambda x: x.name=='anytype' and (hasattr(x, 'gains') and int(x.gains.string) > 0 or hasattr(x, 'losses') and int(x.losses.string) > 0)):
                gain = anytype.gains.string
                loss = anytype.losses.string
                band = anytype.band.textualrepresentation.string
                print gain, loss, band

parseLog(sys.argv[1])

仍然返回错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./soup.py", line 15, in <module>
    parseLog(sys.argv[1])
  File "./soup.py", line 9, in parseLog
    for anytype in soup(lambda x: x.name=='anytype' and (hasattr(x, 'gains') and int(x.gains.string) > 0 or hasattr(x, 'losses') and int(x.losses.string) > 0)):
  File "/Users/jacob/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 659, in __call__
    return apply(self.findAll, args, kwargs)
  File "/Users/jacob/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 849, in findAll
    return self._findAll(name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/jacob/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 377, in _findAll
    found = strainer.search(i)
  File "/Users/jacob/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 966, in search
    found = self.searchTag(markup)
  File "/Users/jacob/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 924, in searchTag
    or (markup and self._matches(markup, self.name)) \
  File "/Users/jacob/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 983, in _matches
    result = matchAgainst(markup)
  File "./soup.py", line 9, in <lambda>
    for anytype in soup(lambda x: x.name=='anytype' and (hasattr(x, 'gains') and int(x.gains.string) > 0 or hasattr(x, 'losses') and int(x.losses.string) > 0)):
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'string'

即使我将 for 循环减少到

for anytype in soup(lambda x: x.name=='anytype' and (hasattr(x, 'gains'))):
        gain = anytype.gains.string
        print gain

我还是明白了

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./soup.py", line 13, in <module>
    parseLog(sys.argv[1])
  File "./soup.py", line 10, in parseLog
    gain = anytype.gains.string
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'string'

Answer 1

我会将整个文档解析为 pandas 数据框，然后进行任何操作；这可能会使数据清理过程更加透明且易于理解。

我将在这里使用xmltojson，因为我不熟悉 BeautifulSoup (尽管我必须将整个内容包含在“文档”标签中，因为要使其有效的XML):

import xmltojson
import pandas as pd

with open(file) as f:
    j = eval(xmltojson.parse("<document> "+ f.read() + "</document>"))

df = pd.io.json.json_normalize(j['document']['anytype'])
df.columns = ['type', 'band', 'gain', 'loss', 'struct']
df[(df.gain > '0') | (df.loss > '0')][['band', 'gain', 'loss']]

      band gain loss
0  22q11.1    2    1
1  22q11.2    0    1