我目前正尝试在 WPF 中制作一个由 Cell 对象组成的网格。我需要将单元格绑定(bind)到需要在二维数组中的对象。 - 我需要它足够大、可扩展并改变单元格的颜色并将数据存储在对象中!
我做了一个实现，但是画格子好像很慢! (100x100 网格需要 >10 秒!) 这是我已经制作的图片:
我在 ItemsControl 中使用 XAML 中的数据绑定(bind)。这是我的 XAML:
<ItemsControl x:Name="GridArea" ItemsSource="{Binding Cellz}" Grid.Column="1" BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="0.1">
<ItemsControl.Resources>
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Cell}">
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="0.1">
<Grid Background="{Binding CellColor}">
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseMove" >
<ei:CallMethodAction TargetObject="{Binding}" MethodName="MouseHoveredOver"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
</Grid>
</Border>
</DataTemplate>
</ItemsControl.Resources>
<ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<UniformGrid Rows="{Binding Rows}" Columns="{Binding Columns}" MouseDown="WrapPanelMouseDown" MouseUp="WrapPanelMouseUp" MouseLeave="WrapPanelMouseLeave" >
<!--<UniformGrid.Background>
<ImageBrush/>
</UniformGrid.Background>-->
</UniformGrid>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
</ItemsControl>
在我的代码隐藏中，我实例化了一个名为 Grid 的类的对象，它使用 Cell 类的对象创建一个二维数组(和一个列表，这是我绑定(bind)的对象)。在用秒表检查了一番之后，我发现这并没有花时间。它实际绑定(bind)和绘制网格，所以我想我的优化应该在我的 XAML 中进行，如果有任何优化可用的话。
但为了提供一切，这里是我的代码背后以及网格类和单元格类:
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
NewGrid = new Grid(75, 75);
DataContext = NewGrid;
}
public class Grid
{
public int Columns { get; set; }
public int Rows { get; set; }
public ObservableCollection<Cell> Cellz {get;set;}
public Cell[,] CellArray { get; set; }
public Grid(int columns, int rows)
{
Columns = columns;
Rows = rows;
Cellz = new ObservableCollection<Cell>();
CellArray = new Cell[Rows,Columns];
InitializeGrid();
}
public void InitializeGrid()
{
Color col = Colors.Transparent;
SolidColorBrush Trans = new SolidColorBrush(col);
for (int i = 0; i < Rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Columns; j++)
{
var brandNewCell = new Cell(i, j) { CellColor = Trans};
Cellz.Add(brandNewCell);
CellArray[i, j] = brandNewCell;
}
}
}
public class Cell : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public int x, y; // x,y location
public Boolean IsWall { get; set; }
private SolidColorBrush _cellcolor;
public SolidColorBrush CellColor
{
get { return _cellcolor; }
set
{
_cellcolor = value;
OnPropertyChanged();
}
}
public Cell(int tempX, int tempY)
{
x = tempX;
y = tempY;
}
public bool IsWalkable(Object unused)
{
return !IsWall;
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
private void OnPropertyChanged(
[CallerMemberName] string caller = "")
{
if (PropertyChanged != null)
{
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(caller));
}
}
}
我喜欢带有绑定(bind)的非常简单的实现，但是加载时间真的 Not Acceptable - 任何建议将不胜感激!
最佳答案
好吧，我重新创建了您的示例，并进行了一些更改。我主要摆脱了 DataContext 上的绑定(bind)，并专门为您的用例创建了一个 View 模型，它直接绑定(bind)到 itemscontrol。
绘图速度肯定在10秒以内，但我想我给了你尽可能多的相关代码，这样你就可以比较解决方案......
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.ComponentModel;
using TestSO.model;
namespace TestSO.viewmodel
{
public class ScreenViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged, IDisposable
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
private IList<Cell> cells;
public IList<Cell> Cells
{
get
{
return cells;
}
set
{
if (object.Equals(cells, value))
{
return;
}
UnregisterSource(cells);
cells = value;
RegisterSource(cells);
RaisePropertyChanged("Cells");
}
}
private int rows;
public int Rows
{
get
{
return rows;
}
set
{
if (rows == value)
{
return;
}
rows = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("Rows");
}
}
private int columns;
public int Columns
{
get
{
return columns;
}
set
{
if (columns == value)
{
return;
}
columns = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("Columns");
}
}
private Cell[,] array;
public Cell[,] Array
{
get
{
return array;
}
protected set
{
array = value;
}
}
protected void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
var local = PropertyChanged;
if (local != null)
{
App.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(local, this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
protected void RegisterSource(IList<Cell> collection)
{
if (collection == null)
{
return;
}
var colc = collection as INotifyCollectionChanged;
if (colc != null)
{
colc.CollectionChanged += OnCellCollectionChanged;
}
OnCellCollectionChanged(collection, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace, collection, null));
}
protected virtual void OnCellCollectionChanged(object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Action == NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset)
{
Array = null;
}
if (e.OldItems != null)
{
foreach (var item in e.OldItems)
{
var cell = item as Cell;
if (cell == null)
{
continue;
}
if (Array == null)
{
continue;
}
Array[cell.X, cell.Y] = null;
}
}
if (e.NewItems != null)
{
if (Array == null)
{
Array = new Cell[Rows, Columns];
}
foreach (var item in e.NewItems)
{
var cell = item as Cell;
if (cell == null)
{
continue;
}
if (Array == null)
{
continue;
}
Array[cell.X, cell.Y] = cell;
}
}
}
protected void UnregisterSource(IList<Cell> collection)
{
if (collection == null)
{
return;
}
var colc = collection as INotifyCollectionChanged;
if (colc != null)
{
colc.CollectionChanged -= OnCellCollectionChanged;
}
OnCellCollectionChanged(collection, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
}
public ScreenViewModel()
{
}
public ScreenViewModel(int row, int col)
: this()
{
this.Rows = row;
this.Columns = col;
}
bool isDisposed = false;
private void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (isDisposed)
{
return;
}
isDisposed = true;
Cells = null;
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
}
}
}
我创建了一个额外的 Controller ，它是 ObservableCollection 的所有者，主要目的是不对 viewModel 做任何更改，而是更改 Controller 内的集合(或添加、删除、清除方法)，并让事件链为我完成工作，使二维数组在 ScreenViewModel 中保持最新
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using TestSO.model;
namespace TestSO.controller
{
public class GenericController<T>
{
private readonly IList<T> collection = new ObservableCollection<T>();
public IList<T> Collection
{
get
{
return collection;
}
}
public GenericController()
{
}
}
public class CellGridController : GenericController<Cell>
{
public CellGridController()
{
}
}
}
你的单元格类，我稍微调整了一下，只引发更改事件，以防万一确实发生了变化
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
namespace TestSO.model
{
public class Cell : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected virtual void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
var local = PropertyChanged;
if (local != null)
{
Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(local, this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
private int x;
public int X
{
get
{
return x;
}
set
{
if (x == value)
{
return;
}
x = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("X");
}
}
private int y;
public int Y
{
get
{
return y;
}
set
{
if (y == value)
{
return;
}
y = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("Y");
}
}
private bool isWall;
public bool IsWall
{
get
{
return isWall;
}
set
{
if (isWall == value)
{
return;
}
isWall = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("IsWall");
}
}
private SolidColorBrush _cellColor;
public SolidColorBrush CellColor
{
get
{
// either return the _cellColor, or say that it is transparent
return _cellColor ?? Brushes.Transparent;
}
set
{
if (SolidColorBrush.Equals(_cellColor, value))
{
return;
}
_cellColor = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("CellColor");
}
}
public Cell()
{
}
public Cell(int x, int y)
: this()
{
this.X = x;
this.Y = y;
}
}
}
然后我稍微改变了xaml(虽然没有接管交互点)，通过为ScreenViewModel， Controller 和DataTemplate创建资源，这个Template，然后也是DataTemplate直接添加到ItemsControl之上ItemTemplate，而不是使用 DataTemplate 功能(没有将其视为上面的要求？)
<Window x:Class="TestSO.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:model="clr-namespace:TestSO.model"
xmlns:viewmodel="clr-namespace:TestSO.viewmodel"
xmlns:controller="clr-namespace:TestSO.controller"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
<Window.Resources>
<controller:CellGridController x:Key="CellController" />
<viewmodel:ScreenViewModel x:Key="GridViewModel" Rows="75" Columns="75" />
<DataTemplate x:Key="CellTemplate">
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="0.5">
<Grid Background="{Binding CellColor}">
</Grid>
</Border>
</DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Cells,Source={StaticResource GridViewModel}}" BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="0.1" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource CellTemplate}">
<ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<UniformGrid
Rows="{Binding Rows,Source={StaticResource GridViewModel}}"
Columns="{Binding Columns,Source={StaticResource GridViewModel}}" />
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
</ItemsControl>
</Grid>
</Window>
在 main.cs 页面中，我加载了我将 Controller 的集合与 ScreenViewModel.Cells 属性链接起来，并加载了一些模板数据。只是非常基本的模拟数据(您还可以将屏幕模型附加到 DataContext 并在其他地方定义 Controller ，并更改 xaml 中的绑定(bind)以返回到 DataContext，但是通过资源，您还可以访问已经创建的实例(初始化组件后)
protected ScreenViewModel ScreenViewModel
{
get
{
return this.Resources["GridViewModel"] as ScreenViewModel;
}
}
protected CellGridController Controller
{
get
{
return this.Resources["CellController"] as CellGridController;
}
}
protected void Load()
{
var controller = Controller;
controller.Collection.Clear();
string[] rows = colorToCellSource.Split(new string[] { Environment.NewLine }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
string row;
for (int x = 0; x < rows.Length; x++)
{
int length = rows[x].Length;
ScreenViewModel.Rows = rows.Length;
ScreenViewModel.Columns = length;
row = rows[x];
for (int y = 0; y < length; y++)
{
Cell cell = new Cell(x, y);
cell.CellColor = row[y] == '0' ? Brushes.Transparent : Brushes.Blue;
controller.Collection.Add(cell);
}
}
}
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
if (Controller != null && ScreenViewModel != null)
{
ScreenViewModel.Cells = Controller.Collection;
Load();
}
}
屏幕重绘不到 1 秒，调整大小和最大化需要一点延迟，但我想这是可以预料的...(我的测试模板是 105x107)
关于c# - 为最短路径优化由 WPF 中的单元格组成的网格，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29106855/