我正在努力处理一些看似基本的操作。
假设我有一个名为 Master 的类(class):
public class Master
{
public Master()
{
Children = new List<Child>();
}
public int Id { get; set; }
public string SomeProperty { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("SuperMasterId")]
public SuperMaster SuperMaster { get; set; }
public int SuperMasterId { get; set; }
public ICollection<Child> Children { get; set; }
}
public class Child
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string SomeDescription { get; set; }
public decimal Count{ get; set; }
[ForeignKey("RelatedEntityId")]
public RelatedEntity RelatedEntity { get; set; }
public int RelatedEntityId { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("MasterId")]
public Master Master { get; set; }
public int MasterId { get; set; }
}
我们有一个这样的 Controller Action :
public async Task<OutputDto> Update(UpdateDto updateInput)
{
// First get a real entity by Id from the repository
// This repository method returns:
// Context.Masters
// .Include(x => x.SuperMaster)
// .Include(x => x.Children)
// .ThenInclude(x => x.RelatedEntity)
// .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id)
Master entity = await _masterRepository.Get(input.Id);
// Update properties
entity.SomeProperty = "Updated value";
entity.SuperMaster.Id = updateInput.SuperMaster.Id;
foreach (var child in input.Children)
{
if (entity.Children.All(x => x.Id != child.Id))
{
// This input child doesn't exist in entity.Children -- add it
// Mapper.Map uses AutoMapper to map from the input DTO to entity
entity.Children.Add(Mapper.Map<Child>(child));
continue;
}
// The input child exists in entity.Children -- update it
var oldChild = entity.Children.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == child.Id);
if (oldChild == null)
{
continue;
}
// The mapper will also update child.RelatedEntity.Id
Mapper.Map(child, oldChild);
}
foreach (var child in entity.Children.Where(x => x.Id != 0).ToList())
{
if (input.Children.All(x => x.Id != child.Id))
{
// The child doesn't exist in input anymore, mark it for deletion
child.Id = -1;
}
}
entity = await _masterRepository.UpdateAsync(entity);
// Use AutoMapper to map from entity to DTO
return MapToEntityDto(entity);
}
现在是存储库方法(MasterRepository):
public async Task<Master> UpdateAsync(Master entity)
{
var superMasterId = entity.SuperMaster.Id;
// Make sure SuperMaster properties are updated in case the superMasterId is changed
entity.SuperMaster = await Context.SuperMasters
.FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == superMasterId);
// New and updated children, skip deleted
foreach (var child in entity.Children.Where(x => x.Id != -1))
{
await _childRepo.InsertOrUpdateAsync(child);
}
// Handle deleted children
foreach (var child in entity.Children.Where(x => x.Id == -1))
{
await _childRepo.DeleteAsync(child);
entity.Children.Remove(child);
}
return entity;
}
最后是ChildrenRepository中的相关代码:
public async Task<Child> InsertOrUpdateAsync(Child entity)
{
if (entity.Id == 0)
{
return await InsertAsync(entity, parent);
}
var relatedId = entity.RelatedEntity.Id;
entity.RelatedEntity = await Context.RelatedEntities
.FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == relatedId);
// We have already updated child properties in the controller method
// and it's expected that changed entities are marked as changed in EF change tracker
return entity;
}
public async Task<Child> InsertAsync(Child entity)
{
var relatedId = entity.RelatedEntity.Id;
entity.RelatedEntity = await Context.RelatedEntities
.FirstOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == relatedId);
entity = Context.Set<Child>().Add(entity).Entity;
// We need the entity Id, hence the call to SaveChanges
await Context.SaveChangesAsync();
return entity;
}
Context
属性实际上是 DbContext
并且事务在操作过滤器中启动。如果操作抛出异常,则操作过滤器执行回滚,如果没有,则调用 SaveChanges。
发送的输入对象如下所示:
{
"someProperty": "Some property",
"superMaster": {
"name": "SuperMaster name",
"id": 1
},
"children": [
{
"relatedEntity": {
"name": "RelatedEntity name",
"someOtherProp": 20,
"id": 1
},
"count": 20,
"someDescription": "Something"
}],
"id": 10
}
Masters
表当前有一个 ID 为 10 的记录。它没有子项。
抛出的异常是:
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbUpdateConcurrencyException:数据库操作预计会影响 1 行,但实际上影响了 0 行。加载实体后数据可能已被修改或删除。
这是怎么回事?我认为 EF 应该跟踪更改,包括知道我们在该内部方法中调用了 SaveChanges。
编辑 删除对 SaveChanges 的调用没有任何改变。此外,在观察 SQL Server Profiler 中发生的情况时,我找不到任何由 EF 生成的 INSERT 或 UPDATE SQL 语句。
EDIT2 调用 SaveChanges 时有 INSERT 语句,但主实体仍然没有 UPDATE 语句。
最佳答案
像往常一样,将这个问题发布到 StackOverflow 帮助我解决了问题。代码本来不像上面的问题,但是我在写问题的同时修复了代码。
在写这个问题之前,我花了将近一天的时间试图找出问题所在,所以我尝试了不同的方法,例如重新创建实体实例并手动附加它们,将一些实体标记为未更改/已修改,使用 AsNoTracking 甚至完全禁用所有实体的自动更改跟踪,并手动标记所有实体的添加或修改。
原来导致这个问题的代码是在那个子存储库的私有(private)方法中,我忽略了它,因为我认为它不相关。不过,如果我没有忘记从中删除一些手动更改跟踪代码,它确实不相关,这些代码基本上会干扰 EF 的自动更改跟踪器并导致其行为异常。
但是,感谢 StackOverflow,问题得到了解决。当您与某人谈论问题时,您需要自己重新分析它,以便能够解释它的所有细节,以便与您交谈的人(在本例中为 SO 社区)理解它。当您重新分析它时,您会注意到所有导致问题的小细节,然后更容易诊断问题。
所以无论如何,如果有人因为标题而被这个问题吸引,通过谷歌搜索或 w/e,这里有一些要点:
如果您要更新多个级别的实体,请始终调用
.Include
以在获取现有实体时包含所有相关的导航属性。这将使它们全部加载到更改跟踪器中,您不需要手动附加/标记。完成更新后,调用 SaveChanges 将正确保存所有更改。当您需要更新子实体时,不要对顶级实体使用 AutoMapper,尤其是当您必须在更新子实体时实现一些额外的逻辑时。
永远不要像我在将 Id 设置为 -1 时尝试的那样更新主键,或者像我在 Controller 更新方法的这一行中尝试的那样更新主键:
//映射器也会更新 child.RelatedEntity.Id Mapper.Map(child, oldChild);
如果您需要处理已删除的项目,最好检测它们并将它们存储在单独的列表中,然后为它们中的每一个手动调用存储库删除方法,其中存储库删除方法将包含一些最终的附加逻辑相关实体。
如果您需要更改相关实体的主键,您需要先从关系中删除该相关实体,然后添加一个具有更新键的新实体。
所以这里是更新后的 Controller 操作,省略了 null 和安全检查:
public async Task<OutputDto> Update(InputDto input)
{
// First get a real entity by Id from the repository
// This repository method returns:
// Context.Masters
// .Include(x => x.SuperMaster)
// .Include(x => x.Children)
// .ThenInclude(x => x.RelatedEntity)
// .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id)
Master entity = await _masterRepository.Get(input.Id);
// Update the master entity properties manually
entity.SomeProperty = "Updated value";
// Prepare a list for any children with modified RelatedEntity
var changedChildren = new List<Child>();
foreach (var child in input.Children)
{
// Check to see if this is a new child item
if (entity.Children.All(x => x.Id != child.Id))
{
// Map the DTO to child entity and add it to the collection
entity.Children.Add(Mapper.Map<Child>(child));
continue;
}
// Check to see if this is an existing child item
var existingChild = entity.Children.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == child.Id);
if (existingChild == null)
{
continue;
}
// Check to see if the related entity was changed
if (existingChild.RelatedEntity.Id != child.RelatedEntity.Id)
{
// It was changed, add it to changedChildren list
changedChildren.Add(existingChild);
continue;
}
// It's safe to use AutoMapper to map the child entity and avoid updating properties manually,
// provided that it doesn't have child-items of their own
Mapper.Map(child, existingChild);
}
// Find which of the child entities should be deleted
// entity.IsTransient() is an extension method which returns true if the entity has just been added
foreach (var child in entity.Children.Where(x => !x.IsTransient()).ToList())
{
if (input.Children.Any(x => x.Id == child.Id))
{
continue;
}
// We don't have this entity in the list sent by the client.
// That means we should delete it
await _childRepository.DeleteAsync(child);
entity.Children.Remove(child);
}
// Parse children entities with modified related entities
foreach (var child in changedChildren)
{
var newChild = input.Children.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == child.Id);
// Delete the existing one
await _childRepository.DeleteAsync(child);
entity.Children.Remove(child);
// Add the new one
// It's OK to change the primary key here, as this one is a DTO, not a tracked entity,
// and besides, if the keys are autogenerated by the database, we can't have anything but 0 for a new entity
newChild.Id = 0;
entity.Djelovi.Add(Mapper.Map<Child>(newChild));
}
// And finally, call the repository update and return the result mapped to DTO
entity = await _repository.UpdateAsync(entity);
return MapToEntityDto(entity);
}
关于c# - EF Core - 在一个请求中添加/更新实体和添加/更新/删除子实体,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48359363/