c# - C#计算滚动窗口Max DrawDown

Question

要求是在 C# 中计算滚动窗口的最大回撤，例如时间序列。返回。 IE。在每次新观察时，我们都会重新计算新时间窗口的最大回撤。

Answer 1

大家好。 如果您想以计算有效的方式为滚动窗口解决这个问题，这是一个相当复杂的问题。 我已经用 C# 编写了一个解决方案。 我想分享这一点，因为复制这项工作需要付出很大的努力。

首先，这是结果:

here we take a simple drawdown implementation and re-calculate for the full window each time

test1 - simple drawdown test with 30 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 0.8060461
test2 - simple drawdown test with 60 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 1.416081
test3 - simple drawdown test with 180 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 3.6602093
test4 - simple drawdown test with 360 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 6.696383
test5 - simple drawdown test with 500 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 8.9815137

here we compare to the results generated from my efficient rolling window algorithm where only the latest observation is added and then it does it's magic

test6 - running drawdown test with 30 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 0.2940168
test7 - running drawdown test with 60 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 0.3050175
test8 - running drawdown test with 180 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 0.3780216
test9 - running drawdown test with 360 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 0.4560261
test10 - running drawdown test with 500 period rolling window. run 100 times.
total seconds 0.5050288

At at 500 period window. We are achieving about a 20:1 improvement in calculation time.

下面是用于比较的简单缩编类的代码:

public class SimpleDrawDown
{
    public double Peak { get; set; }
    public double Trough { get; set; }
    public double MaxDrawDown { get; set; }

    public SimpleDrawDown()
    {
        Peak = double.NegativeInfinity;
        Trough = double.PositiveInfinity;
        MaxDrawDown = 0;
    }

    public void Calculate(double newValue)
    {
        if (newValue > Peak)
        {
            Peak = newValue;
            Trough = Peak;
        }
        else if (newValue < Trough)
        {
            Trough = newValue;
            var tmpDrawDown = Peak - Trough;
            if (tmpDrawDown > MaxDrawDown)
                MaxDrawDown = tmpDrawDown;
        }
    }
}

这里是完整高效实现的代码。希望代码注释有意义。

internal class DrawDown
{
    int _n;
    int _startIndex, _endIndex, _troughIndex;
    public int Count { get; set; }
    LinkedList<double> _values;
    public double Peak { get; set; }
    public double Trough { get; set; }
    public bool SkipMoveBackDoubleCalc { get; set; }

    public int PeakIndex
    {
        get
        {
            return _startIndex;
        }
    }
    public int TroughIndex
    {
        get
        {
            return _troughIndex;
        }
    }

    //peak to trough return
    public double DrawDownAmount
    {
        get
        {
            return Peak - Trough;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="n">max window for drawdown period</param>
    /// <param name="peak">drawdown peak i.e. start value</param>
    public DrawDown(int n, double peak)
    {
        _n = n - 1;
        _startIndex = _n;
        _endIndex = _n;
        _troughIndex = _n;
        Count = 1;
        _values = new LinkedList<double>();
        _values.AddLast(peak);
        Peak = peak;
        Trough = peak;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// adds a new observation on the drawdown curve
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="newValue"></param>
    public void Add(double newValue)
    {
        //push the start of this drawdown backwards
        //_startIndex--;
        //the end of the drawdown is the current period end
        _endIndex = _n;
        //the total periods increases with a new observation
        Count++;
        //track what all point values are in the drawdown curve
        _values.AddLast(newValue);
        //update if we have a new trough
        if (newValue < Trough)
        {
            Trough = newValue;
            _troughIndex = _endIndex;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Shift this Drawdown backwards in the observation window
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="trackingNewPeak">whether we are already tracking a new peak or not</param>
    /// <returns>a new drawdown to track if a new peak becomes active</returns>
    public DrawDown MoveBack(bool trackingNewPeak, bool recomputeWindow = true)
    {
        if (!SkipMoveBackDoubleCalc)
        {
            _startIndex--;
            _endIndex--;
            _troughIndex--;
            if (recomputeWindow)
                return RecomputeDrawdownToWindowSize(trackingNewPeak);
        }
        else
            SkipMoveBackDoubleCalc = false;

        return null;
    }

    private DrawDown RecomputeDrawdownToWindowSize(bool trackingNewPeak)
    {
        //the start of this drawdown has fallen out of the start of our observation window, so we have to recalculate the peak of the drawdown
        if (_startIndex < 0)
        {
            Peak = double.NegativeInfinity;
            _values.RemoveFirst();
            Count--;

            //there is the possibility now that there is a higher peak, within the current drawdown curve, than our first observation
            //when we find it, remove all data points prior to this point
            //the new peak must be before the current known trough point
            int iObservation = 0, iNewPeak = 0, iNewTrough = _troughIndex, iTmpNewPeak = 0, iTempTrough = 0;
            double newDrawDown = 0, tmpPeak = 0, tmpTrough = double.NegativeInfinity;
            DrawDown newDrawDownObj = null;
            foreach (var pointOnDrawDown in _values)
            {
                if (iObservation < _troughIndex)
                {
                    if (pointOnDrawDown > Peak)
                    {
                        iNewPeak = iObservation;
                        Peak = pointOnDrawDown;
                    }
                }
                else if (iObservation == _troughIndex)
                {
                    newDrawDown = Peak - Trough;
                    tmpPeak = Peak;
                }
                else
                {
                    //now continue on through the remaining points, to determine if there is a nested-drawdown, that is now larger than the newDrawDown
                    //e.g. higher peak beyond _troughIndex, with higher trough than that at _troughIndex, but where new peak minus new trough is > newDrawDown
                    if (pointOnDrawDown > tmpPeak)
                    {
                        tmpPeak = pointOnDrawDown;
                        tmpTrough = tmpPeak;
                        iTmpNewPeak = iObservation;
                        //we need a new drawdown object, as we have a new higher peak
                        if (!trackingNewPeak) 
                            newDrawDownObj = new DrawDown(_n + 1, tmpPeak);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (!trackingNewPeak && newDrawDownObj != null)
                        {
                            newDrawDownObj.MoveBack(true, false); //recomputeWindow is irrelevant for this as it will never fall before period 0 in this usage scenario
                            newDrawDownObj.Add(pointOnDrawDown);  //keep tracking this new drawdown peak
                        }

                        if (pointOnDrawDown < tmpTrough)
                        {
                            tmpTrough = pointOnDrawDown;
                            iTempTrough = iObservation;
                            var tmpDrawDown = tmpPeak - tmpTrough;

                            if (tmpDrawDown > newDrawDown)
                            {
                                newDrawDown = tmpDrawDown;
                                iNewPeak = iTmpNewPeak;
                                iNewTrough = iTempTrough;
                                Peak = tmpPeak;
                                Trough = tmpTrough;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                iObservation++;
            }

            _startIndex = iNewPeak; //our drawdown now starts from here in our observation window
            _troughIndex = iNewTrough;
            for (int i = 0; i < _startIndex; i++)
            {
                _values.RemoveFirst(); //get rid of the data points prior to this new drawdown peak
                Count--;
            }
            return newDrawDownObj;
        }
        return null;
    }

}

public class RunningDrawDown
{

    int _n;
    List<DrawDown> _drawdownObjs;
    DrawDown _currentDrawDown;
    DrawDown _maxDrawDownObj;

    /// <summary>
    /// The Peak of the MaxDrawDown
    /// </summary>
    public double DrawDownPeak
    {
        get
        {
            if (_maxDrawDownObj == null) return double.NegativeInfinity;
            return _maxDrawDownObj.Peak;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// The Trough of the Max DrawDown
    /// </summary>
    public double DrawDownTrough
    {
        get
        {
            if (_maxDrawDownObj == null) return double.PositiveInfinity;
            return _maxDrawDownObj.Trough;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// The Size of the DrawDown - Peak to Trough
    /// </summary>
    public double DrawDown
    {
        get
        {
            if (_maxDrawDownObj == null) return 0;
            return _maxDrawDownObj.DrawDownAmount;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// The Index into the Window that the Peak of the DrawDown is seen
    /// </summary>
    public int PeakIndex
    {
        get
        {
            if (_maxDrawDownObj == null) return 0;
            return _maxDrawDownObj.PeakIndex;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// The Index into the Window that the Trough of the DrawDown is seen
    /// </summary>
    public int TroughIndex
    {
        get
        {
            if (_maxDrawDownObj == null) return 0;
            return _maxDrawDownObj.TroughIndex;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a running window for the calculation of MaxDrawDown within the window
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="n">the number of periods within the window</param>
    public RunningDrawDown(int n)
    {
        _n = n;
        _currentDrawDown = null;
        _drawdownObjs = new List<DrawDown>();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The new value to add onto the end of the current window (the first value will drop off)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="newValue">the new point on the curve</param>
    public void Calculate(double newValue)
    {
        if (double.IsNaN(newValue)) return;

        if (_currentDrawDown == null)
        {
            var drawDown = new DrawDown(_n, newValue);
            _currentDrawDown = drawDown;
            _maxDrawDownObj = drawDown;
        }
        else
        {
            //shift current drawdown back one. and if the first observation falling outside the window means we encounter a new peak after the current trough, we start tracking a new drawdown
            var drawDownFromNewPeak = _currentDrawDown.MoveBack(false);

            //this is a special case, where a new lower peak (now the highest) is created due to the drop of of the pre-existing highest peak, and we are not yet tracking a new peak
            if (drawDownFromNewPeak != null)
            {
                _drawdownObjs.Add(_currentDrawDown); //record this drawdown into our running drawdowns list)
                _currentDrawDown.SkipMoveBackDoubleCalc = true; //MoveBack() is calculated again below in _drawdownObjs collection, so we make sure that is skipped this first time
                _currentDrawDown = drawDownFromNewPeak;
                _currentDrawDown.MoveBack(true);
            }

            if (newValue > _currentDrawDown.Peak)
            {
                //we need a new drawdown object, as we have a new higher peak
                var drawDown = new DrawDown(_n, newValue);
                //do we have an existing drawdown object, and does it have more than 1 observation
                if (_currentDrawDown.Count > 1)
                {
                    _drawdownObjs.Add(_currentDrawDown); //record this drawdown into our running drawdowns list)
                    _currentDrawDown.SkipMoveBackDoubleCalc = true; //MoveBack() is calculated again below in _drawdownObjs collection, so we make sure that is skipped this first time
                }
                _currentDrawDown = drawDown;
            }
            else
            {
                //add the new observation to the current drawdown
                _currentDrawDown.Add(newValue);
            }
        }

        //does our new drawdown surpass any of the previous drawdowns?
        //if so, we can drop the old drawdowns, as for the remainer of the old drawdowns lives in our lookup window, they will be smaller than the new one
        var newDrawDown = _currentDrawDown.DrawDownAmount;
        _maxDrawDownObj = _currentDrawDown;
        var maxDrawDown = newDrawDown;
        var keepDrawDownsList = new List<DrawDown>();
        foreach (var drawDownObj in _drawdownObjs)
        {
            drawDownObj.MoveBack(true);
            if (drawDownObj.DrawDownAmount > newDrawDown)
            {
                keepDrawDownsList.Add(drawDownObj);
            }

            //also calculate our max drawdown here
            if (drawDownObj.DrawDownAmount > maxDrawDown)
            {
                maxDrawDown = drawDownObj.DrawDownAmount;
                _maxDrawDownObj = drawDownObj;
            }

        }
        _drawdownObjs = keepDrawDownsList;

    }

}

示例用法:

RunningDrawDown rd = new RunningDrawDown(500);
foreach (var input in data)
{
    rd.Calculate(input);
    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("max draw {0:0.00000}, peak {1:0.00000}, trough {2:0.00000}, drawstart {3:0.00000}, drawend {4:0.00000}",
        rd.DrawDown, rd.DrawDownPeak, rd.DrawDownTrough, rd.PeakIndex, rd.TroughIndex));
}