bash - 使用冒号分隔的字符串遍历文件

Question

我有一个看起来像这样的文件:

work:week:day:england:
work1:week:day:sweden:
work2:week:day::
..... 

每次我循环遍历列表时，我都希望将每个字符串作为我可以使用的变量。 例如，如果我想知道我在哪个位置工作，我将从第一列“工作*”中获取第四个位置列

我试过这个:

for country in $( awk -F '[:]' '{print $1}' file.txt); do
    if [[ "$country" == "england" ]];
    then
            echo "This user works in England!"
    else
            echo "You do not work in England!"
    fi
done

我想让每个字符串用冒号分隔，作为每个循环的每一行的变量。

Answer 1

为此您可以只使用 bash:将 IFS(内部字段分隔符)设置为 :，这将正确捕获字段:

while IFS=":" read -r a b c country
do
  echo "$country"
done < "file"

返回:

england
sweden

This way you will be able to use $a for the first field, $b for the second, $c for the third and $country for the forth. Of course, adapt the number and names to your requirements.

All together:

while IFS=":" read a b c country
do
   if [[ "$country" == "england" ]]; then
      echo "this user works in England"
   else
      echo "You do not work in England"
   fi
done < "file"