我有一 block 带有这个 CPU 的板子:
# uname -a
Linux gw-9167 4.4.24 #1 Thu Mar 28 17:52:19 UTC 2019 armv5tejl GNU/Linux
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l)
BogoMIPS : 226.09
Features : swp half fastmult edsp java
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 5TEJ
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0x926
CPU revision : 5
Hardware : Freescale MXS (Device Tree)
Revision : 0000
Serial : 0000000000000000
我正在尝试为它交叉编译一个简单的 Rust hello world:
[0] [05:56:25] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > /bin/cat .cargo/config
[target.armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi]
linker = "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
[target.armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi]
linker = "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
[0] [05:56:34] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > env RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=arm926ej-s" cargo build --target=armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi --release
Compiling gw-test v0.1.0 (/home/cecile/repos/gw-test)
Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.28s
[0] [05:56:51] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi -cpu arm926 target/armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi/release/gw-test
Hello, world!
当我在开发板上运行它时，它立即出现段错误:
[0] [05:57:09] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > scp ......
gw-test 100% 1781KB 906.4KB/s 00:01
[0] [05:58:27] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ssh ...... /tmp/gw-test
Segmentation fault
[139] [05:58:47] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ssh ..... strace /tmp/gw-test
execve("/tmp/gw-test", ["/tmp/gw-test"], [/* 9 vars */]) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
--- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SI_KERNEL, si_addr=0} ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV +++
Segmentation fault
What is the content of your main.rs?
没有!这只是 Cargo 生成的默认 hello world
EINVALAn ELF executable had more than onePT_INTERPsegment (i.e., tried to name more than one interpreter).
现在这真的很奇怪，因为我还在文档中读到:“如果可执行文件是动态链接的 ELF 可执行文件，则在 PT_INTERP 段中命名的解释器用于加载所需的共享库。” 我已经用 musl 编译了。它应该是静态的(至少它说当我从主机上运行 ldd 时它是静态的)。
Try to attach a debugger, either directly via gdb or remotely by using gdbserver.
我明白了。我会尝试看看如何按照您的建议进行远程操作。
It seems like an error from strace and not from your process.
有道理。
What happens when you run it without strace? Is there a core dump?
它在我已经共享的日志中。
[0] [05:58:27] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ssh ...... /tmp/gw-test
Segmentation fault
You are using arm-none-eabi-gcc, which is not targetting any operating system. Check readelf --headers ~/r/gw-test and compare it with a binary that does work, like /bin/cat or something.
这是 readelf --headers 在我制作的二进制文件和 cat 上的输出:
[0] [08:11:23] ~ > cd ~/repos/gw-test/
[0] [08:15:26] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ls
Cargo.lock Cargo.toml gw.json lib-root resources src target
[0] [08:15:27] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > readelf --headers target/armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi/release/gw-test
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x8278
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 1822748 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 5
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 27
Section header string table index: 26
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .init PROGBITS 00008000 008000 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[ 2] .text PROGBITS 00008010 008010 0281b8 00 AX 0 0 8
[ 3] .fini PROGBITS 000301c8 0301c8 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[ 4] .rodata PROGBITS 000301e0 0301e0 005174 00 A 0 0 16
[ 5] .ARM.extab PROGBITS 00035354 035354 000bf4 00 A 0 0 4
[ 6] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 00035f48 035f48 0009e8 00 AL 2 0 4
[ 7] .tdata PROGBITS 00046930 036930 000018 00 WAT 0 0 8
[ 8] .tbss NOBITS 00046948 036948 000034 00 WAT 0 0 8
[ 9] .data.rel.ro PROGBITS 00046948 036948 000f98 00 WA 0 0 8
[10] .got PROGBITS 000478e0 0378e0 0000cc 04 WA 0 0 4
[11] .data PROGBITS 000479b0 0379b0 0000bc 00 WA 0 0 8
[12] .bss NOBITS 00047a70 037a6c 000a78 00 WA 0 0 8
[13] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 037a6c 00003b 01 MS 0 0 1
[14] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 00000000 037aa8 0012f0 00 0 0 8
[15] .debug_info PROGBITS 00000000 038d98 07d9b8 00 0 0 1
[16] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 00000000 0b6750 00a574 00 0 0 1
[17] .debug_line PROGBITS 00000000 0c0cc4 04e271 00 0 0 1
[18] .debug_frame PROGBITS 00000000 10ef38 0101f4 00 0 0 4
[19] .debug_str PROGBITS 00000000 11f12c 02bc3f 01 MS 0 0 1
[20] .debug_loc PROGBITS 00000000 14ad6b 015230 00 0 0 1
[21] .debug_macinfo PROGBITS 00000000 15ff9b 000007 00 0 0 1
[22] .debug_ranges PROGBITS 00000000 15ffa8 033418 00 0 0 8
[23] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 1933c0 000031 00 0 0 1
[24] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 1933f4 01e590 10 25 7245 4
[25] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 1b1984 00b595 00 0 0 1
[26] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 1bcf19 000103 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
y (purecode), p (processor specific)
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x035f48 0x00035f48 0x00035f48 0x009e8 0x009e8 R 0x4
LOAD 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x36930 0x36930 R E 0x10000
LOAD 0x036930 0x00046930 0x00046930 0x0113c 0x01bb8 RW 0x10000
TLS 0x036930 0x00046930 0x00046930 0x00018 0x0004c R 0x8
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x10
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01 .init .text .fini .rodata .ARM.extab .ARM.exidx
02 .tdata .data.rel.ro .got .data .bss
03 .tdata .tbss
04
[127] [08:19:01] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > scp -r -i ~/Downloads/hub_keys/sshKeys/0200000100009167 root@gw-9167.lan:/bin/cat ./
cat 100% 651KB 581.0KB/s 00:01
[0] [08:19:18] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > stat cat
File: cat
Size: 666788 Blocks: 1304 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 4034474 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 1000/ cecile) Gid: ( 1000/ cecile)
Access: 2019-04-07 10:19:17.131861726 +0200
Modify: 2019-04-07 10:19:18.251842664 +0200
Change: 2019-04-07 10:19:18.251842664 +0200
Birth: 2019-04-07 10:19:17.131861726 +0200
[0] [08:19:22] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > readelf --headers cat
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0xc914
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 665748 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000002, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 8
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 26
Section header string table index: 25
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 00008134 000134 000013 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 00008148 000148 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .hash HASH 00008168 000168 000990 04 A 4 0 4
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 00008af8 000af8 0015b0 10 A 5 1 4
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 0000a0a8 0020a8 000b33 00 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000abdc 002bdc 0002b6 02 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000ae94 002e94 000020 00 A 5 1 4
[ 8] .rel.dyn REL 0000aeb4 002eb4 000050 08 A 4 0 4
[ 9] .rel.plt REL 0000af04 002f04 000a60 08 A 4 11 4
[10] .init PROGBITS 0000b964 003964 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[11] .plt PROGBITS 0000b970 003970 000fa4 04 AX 0 0 4
[12] .text PROGBITS 0000c914 004914 07dcd8 00 AX 0 0 4
[13] .fini PROGBITS 0008a5ec 0825ec 000008 00 AX 0 0 4
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 0008a5f8 0825f8 01f208 00 A 0 0 8
[15] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 000a9800 0a1800 000008 00 AL 12 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000a9808 0a1808 000004 00 A 0 0 4
[17] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 000b2000 0a2000 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[18] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 000b2004 0a2004 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[19] .jcr PROGBITS 000b2008 0a2008 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[20] .dynamic DYNAMIC 000b200c 0a200c 0000e8 08 WA 5 0 4
[21] .got PROGBITS 000b20f4 0a20f4 000544 04 WA 0 0 4
[22] .data PROGBITS 000b2638 0a2638 00014e 00 WA 0 0 4
[23] .bss NOBITS 000b2788 0a2786 0022c0 00 WA 0 0 8
[24] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 0a2786 000034 00 0 0 1
[25] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 0a27ba 0000da 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
y (purecode), p (processor specific)
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x0a1800 0x000a9800 0x000a9800 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.3]
LOAD 0x000000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0xa180c 0xa180c R E 0x8000
LOAD 0x0a2000 0x000b2000 0x000b2000 0x00786 0x02a48 RW 0x8000
DYNAMIC 0x0a200c 0x000b200c 0x000b200c 0x000e8 0x000e8 RW 0x4
NOTE 0x000148 0x00008148 0x00008148 0x00020 0x00020 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x4
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01
02 .interp
03 .interp .note.ABI-tag .hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .ARM.exidx .eh_frame
04 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .data .bss
05 .dynamic
06 .note.ABI-tag
07
[0] [08:19:32] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > /usr/arm-none-eabi/bin/readelf --headers cat
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0xc914
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 665748 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000002, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 8
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 26
Section header string table index: 25
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 00008134 000134 000013 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 00008148 000148 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .hash HASH 00008168 000168 000990 04 A 4 0 4
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 00008af8 000af8 0015b0 10 A 5 1 4
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 0000a0a8 0020a8 000b33 00 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000abdc 002bdc 0002b6 02 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000ae94 002e94 000020 00 A 5 1 4
[ 8] .rel.dyn REL 0000aeb4 002eb4 000050 08 A 4 0 4
[ 9] .rel.plt REL 0000af04 002f04 000a60 08 A 4 11 4
[10] .init PROGBITS 0000b964 003964 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[11] .plt PROGBITS 0000b970 003970 000fa4 04 AX 0 0 4
[12] .text PROGBITS 0000c914 004914 07dcd8 00 AX 0 0 4
[13] .fini PROGBITS 0008a5ec 0825ec 000008 00 AX 0 0 4
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 0008a5f8 0825f8 01f208 00 A 0 0 8
[15] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 000a9800 0a1800 000008 00 AL 12 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000a9808 0a1808 000004 00 A 0 0 4
[17] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 000b2000 0a2000 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[18] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 000b2004 0a2004 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[19] .jcr PROGBITS 000b2008 0a2008 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[20] .dynamic DYNAMIC 000b200c 0a200c 0000e8 08 WA 5 0 4
[21] .got PROGBITS 000b20f4 0a20f4 000544 04 WA 0 0 4
[22] .data PROGBITS 000b2638 0a2638 00014e 00 WA 0 0 4
[23] .bss NOBITS 000b2788 0a2786 0022c0 00 WA 0 0 8
[24] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 0a2786 000034 00 0 0 1
[25] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 0a27ba 0000da 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
y (purecode), p (processor specific)
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x0a1800 0x000a9800 0x000a9800 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.3]
LOAD 0x000000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0xa180c 0xa180c R E 0x8000
LOAD 0x0a2000 0x000b2000 0x000b2000 0x00786 0x02a48 RW 0x8000
DYNAMIC 0x0a200c 0x000b200c 0x000b200c 0x000e8 0x000e8 RW 0x4
NOTE 0x000148 0x00008148 0x00008148 0x00020 0x00020 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x4
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01
02 .interp
03 .interp .note.ABI-tag .hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .ARM.exidx .eh_frame
04 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .data .bss
05 .dynamic
06 .note.ABI-tag
07
解决方案:
我制作了这个 Dockerfile:
FROM buildpack-deps:xenial
RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386 && \
apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
apt-utils build-essential sudo libssl-dev \
subversion wget cpio python unzip rsync bc libncurses-dev \
libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 ca-certificates \
ant ant-optional bison curl flex fusesmb
COPY ./dp-mgw-toolchain_1.6_i386.deb ./
RUN dpkg -i dp-mgw-toolchain_1.6_i386.deb
RUN curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | bash -s -- -y
RUN echo '. ~/.cargo/env' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN . ~/.cargo/env && \
rustup target add armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi
ENV PATH=/opt/develco-products/buildroot-toolchain-multigateway-1.6/host/usr/bin:$PATH
ENV RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=arm926ej-s"
RUN cargo build --target=armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi --release
deb文件其实就是厂商提供的工具链。现在我使用了正确的链接器，它在开发板上正常运行。
最佳答案
我的第一个赌注是 ABI 不兼容。你的二进制文件:
0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
来自你的板的二进制文件:
0x5000002, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
下一个赌注，您的二进制文件缺少许多部分，因此看起来像是链接器问题。您的 QEMU 环境与您的目标上使用的环境不同，但我希望您的 QEMU 运行裸机二进制文件。这些无法在 Linux 下运行，因为无法直接访问硬件和外围设备。
您需要设置您的链接器以链接与您的开发板上的环境兼容的 ELF。我没有使用 Freescale 的经验，但查看任何为该板交叉编译的项目应该会引导您正确调用链接器。
关于rust - 在带有 CPU arm926ej-s 的板上运行交叉编译的 HelloWorld 到 armv5te 时出现段错误，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55438334/