我有一组 Contact
对象:
var contacts:[Contact] = [Contact]()
联系类:
Class Contact:NSOBject {
var firstName:String!
var lastName:String!
}
我想按 lastName
对该数组进行排序,然后按 firstName
排序,以防某些联系人获得相同的 lastName
。
我可以按其中一个标准进行排序,但不能同时按两个标准进行排序。
contacts.sortInPlace({$0.lastName < $1.lastName})
如何添加更多条件来对这个数组进行排序?
最佳答案
使用元组进行多个条件的比较
按多个标准执行排序的一种非常简单的方法(即按一个比较排序,如果相等,则按另一个比较排序)是使用元组,作为<
和 >
运算符具有执行词典比较的重载。
/// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the first tuple is ordered
/// before the second in a lexicographical ordering.
///
/// Given two tuples `(a1, a2, ..., aN)` and `(b1, b2, ..., bN)`, the first
/// tuple is before the second tuple if and only if
/// `a1 < b1` or (`a1 == b1` and
/// `(a2, ..., aN) < (b2, ..., bN)`).
public func < <A : Comparable, B : Comparable>(lhs: (A, B), rhs: (A, B)) -> Bool
例如:
struct Contact {
var firstName: String
var lastName: String
}
var contacts = [
Contact(firstName: "Leonard", lastName: "Charleson"),
Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Webb"),
Contact(firstName: "Charles", lastName: "Alexson"),
Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Elexson"),
Contact(firstName: "Alex", lastName: "Elexson"),
]
contacts.sort {
($0.lastName, $0.firstName) <
($1.lastName, $1.firstName)
}
print(contacts)
// [
// Contact(firstName: "Charles", lastName: "Alexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Leonard", lastName: "Charleson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Alex", lastName: "Elexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Elexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Webb")
// ]
这将比较元素' lastName
属性第一。如果它们不相等,则排序顺序将基于 <
和他们比较。如果它们 相等,那么它将移动到元组中的下一对元素,即比较 firstName
属性。
标准库提供<
和 >
2 到 6 个元素的元组的重载。
如果你想对不同的属性使用不同的排序顺序,你可以简单地交换元组中的元素:
contacts.sort {
($1.lastName, $0.firstName) <
($0.lastName, $1.firstName)
}
// [
// Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Webb")
// Contact(firstName: "Alex", lastName: "Elexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Elexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Leonard", lastName: "Charleson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Charles", lastName: "Alexson"),
// ]
现在将按 lastName
排序降序,然后 firstName
升序。
定义 sort(by:)
采用多个谓词的重载
灵感来自关于 Sorting Collections with map
closures and SortDescriptors 的讨论,另一种选择是定义 sort(by:)
的自定义重载和 sorted(by:)
处理多个谓词——其中每个谓词被依次考虑以确定元素的顺序。
extension MutableCollection where Self : RandomAccessCollection {
mutating func sort(
by firstPredicate: (Element, Element) -> Bool,
_ secondPredicate: (Element, Element) -> Bool,
_ otherPredicates: ((Element, Element) -> Bool)...
) {
sort(by:) { lhs, rhs in
if firstPredicate(lhs, rhs) { return true }
if firstPredicate(rhs, lhs) { return false }
if secondPredicate(lhs, rhs) { return true }
if secondPredicate(rhs, lhs) { return false }
for predicate in otherPredicates {
if predicate(lhs, rhs) { return true }
if predicate(rhs, lhs) { return false }
}
return false
}
}
}
extension Sequence {
func sorted(
by firstPredicate: (Element, Element) -> Bool,
_ secondPredicate: (Element, Element) -> Bool,
_ otherPredicates: ((Element, Element) -> Bool)...
) -> [Element] {
return sorted(by:) { lhs, rhs in
if firstPredicate(lhs, rhs) { return true }
if firstPredicate(rhs, lhs) { return false }
if secondPredicate(lhs, rhs) { return true }
if secondPredicate(rhs, lhs) { return false }
for predicate in otherPredicates {
if predicate(lhs, rhs) { return true }
if predicate(rhs, lhs) { return false }
}
return false
}
}
}
(secondPredicate:
参数是不幸的,但为了避免与现有的 sort(by:)
重载产生歧义,这是必需的)
这让我们可以说(使用之前的 contacts
数组):
contacts.sort(by:
{ $0.lastName > $1.lastName }, // first sort by lastName descending
{ $0.firstName < $1.firstName } // ... then firstName ascending
// ...
)
print(contacts)
// [
// Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Webb")
// Contact(firstName: "Alex", lastName: "Elexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Michael", lastName: "Elexson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Leonard", lastName: "Charleson"),
// Contact(firstName: "Charles", lastName: "Alexson"),
// ]
// or with sorted(by:)...
let sortedContacts = contacts.sorted(by:
{ $0.lastName > $1.lastName }, // first sort by lastName descending
{ $0.firstName < $1.firstName } // ... then firstName ascending
// ...
)
虽然调用站点不像元组变体那样简洁,但您可以更加清楚地了解正在比较的内容以及比较顺序。
符合Comparable
如果您打算定期进行此类比较,那么 @AMomchilov & @appzYourLife建议,你可以符合Contact
至 Comparable
:
extension Contact : Comparable {
static func == (lhs: Contact, rhs: Contact) -> Bool {
return (lhs.firstName, lhs.lastName) ==
(rhs.firstName, rhs.lastName)
}
static func < (lhs: Contact, rhs: Contact) -> Bool {
return (lhs.lastName, lhs.firstName) <
(rhs.lastName, rhs.firstName)
}
}
现在只需调用 sort()
对于升序:
contacts.sort()
或sort(by: >)
对于降序:
contacts.sort(by: >)
在嵌套类型中定义自定义排序顺序
如果您想使用其他排序顺序,可以在嵌套类型中定义它们:
extension Contact {
enum Comparison {
static let firstLastAscending: (Contact, Contact) -> Bool = {
return ($0.firstName, $0.lastName) <
($1.firstName, $1.lastName)
}
}
}
然后简单地调用为:
contacts.sort(by: Contact.Comparison.firstLastAscending)
关于Swift - 使用多个条件对对象数组进行排序,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37603960/