我为我们的用户电脑创建了一个简单的统计工具。它每 5 分钟记录一次我们所有电脑的状态。一个小前端给了我一个使用图表:
现在,随着数据的增长,SQL 查询变得越来越慢,我正在寻找一种优化它的方法。
这是结构。正如你所看到的,表“usage”包含大约600万条记录,它使用MySQL InnoDB:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `usage` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
`host_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`time` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`state` enum('LinuxTU','LinuxExt','View','Browser','Idle','Offline') CHARACTER SET latin1 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Offline'
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5963366 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
ALTER TABLE `usage`
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`), ADD KEY `host_id` (`host_id`), ADD KEY `time` (`time`);
ALTER TABLE `usage`
MODIFY `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,AUTO_INCREMENT=5963366;
执行以下查询大约需要 7 秒。正是查询将数据提供给屏幕截图。
/* create pivot table */
SELECT `time`,
SUM(IF(state='LinuxTU', statecount, 0)) AS LinuxTU,
SUM(IF(state='LinuxExt', statecount, 0)) AS LinuxExt,
SUM(IF(state='View', statecount, 0)) AS View,
SUM(IF(state='Browser', statecount, 0)) AS Browser
FROM (
/* get data from last 24h grouped by state */
SELECT `time`, `state`, COUNT(`state`) statecount
FROM `usage` u
/* group by time to get every 5 minutes
group by state to get the state counter */
GROUP BY `time`, `state`
HAVING `time` > 1441271078 AND `time` < 1441357478
) AS s
GROUP BY `time`
ORDER BY `time` ASC
不知道如何优化。有什么我错过的吗?或者我需要重新组织结构吗?有什么提示吗?
最佳答案
除了将 time
比较移至 where
子句中之外,您还可以完全摆脱子查询:
/* create pivot table */
SELECT `time`,
SUM(state = 'LinuxTU') AS LinuxTU,
SUM(state = 'LinuxExt') AS LinuxExt,
SUM(state = 'View') AS View,
SUM(state = 'Browser') AS Browser
FROM usage u
WHERE `time` > 1441271078 AND `time` < 1441357478
GROUP BY `time`
ORDER BY `time` ASC;
关于mysql - 优化 SQL 子查询进行统计,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32394712/