mysql - 请求设置 DATABASES，但在我的 Django 项目中设置未配置错误

Question

我正在尝试将我的 django 项目中的数据库设置从 sqlite3 更改为 mysql。

我在 settings.py 文件中编辑了数据库对象:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'Identity',
        'USER' : 'root',
        'PASSWORD': ''
    }
}

我运行 django-admin dbshel​​l 并得到这个错误:

File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/init.py", line 39, in _setup % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

我按照此 answer to use settings.configure() 中的说明进行操作

from django.conf import settings
settings.configure()

它返回了这个消息:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/init.py", line 63, in configure raise RuntimeError('Settings already configured.') RuntimeError: Settings already configured.

当我运行 python3 manage.py shell 时，它给了我这个错误:

File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 28, in raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'

我只想使用 mySql 而不是 sqlite db。

我该怎么做？

Answer 1

似乎 MySQLdb 包丢失了， 你能检查一下这个包是否安装了吗

apt-get install mysql-server

apt-get install mysql-client

apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

在你的虚拟环境中，安装好mysql客户端

pip install mysqlclient

然后在settings.py中进行mysql配置

   DATABASES = {
      'default': {
      'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
      'NAME': 'test_db',#database name
      'HOST': '127.0.0.1',#
      'PORT': '3306',#mysql port
      'USER': 'root',#mysql username
      'PASSWORD': 'test123',#mysql password
       'OPTIONS': {
        'init_command': "SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'",
        'charset': 'utf8mb4',
         }
     }
  }