c# - 暂停/恢复异步任务的模式？

Question

我有一项主要受 IO 约束的连续任务(后台拼写检查器与拼写检查服务器对话)。有时，此任务需要暂停并稍后恢复，具体取决于用户事件。

虽然挂起/恢复本质上是 async/await 所做的，但我发现很少有关于如何为异步方法实现实际暂停/播放逻辑的信息。 有推荐的模式吗？

我也看过使用 Stephen Toub 的 AsyncManualResetEvent为此，但认为这可能有点矫枉过正。

Answer 1

2019 年更新，我最近有机会重新访问这段代码，下面是作为控制台应用程序的完整示例(警告:PauseTokenSource 需要良好的单元测试) .

请注意，在我的例子中，要求是当消费者端代码(请求暂停)继续时，生产者端代码应该已经达到暂停状态。因此，当 UI 准备好反射(reflect)暂停状态时，所有后台事件都应该已经暂停。

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;

namespace Console_19613444
{
    class Program
    {
        // PauseTokenSource
        public class PauseTokenSource
        {
            bool _paused = false;
            bool _pauseRequested = false;

            TaskCompletionSource<bool> _resumeRequestTcs;
            TaskCompletionSource<bool> _pauseConfirmationTcs;

            readonly SemaphoreSlim _stateAsyncLock = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
            readonly SemaphoreSlim _pauseRequestAsyncLock = new SemaphoreSlim(1);

            public PauseToken Token { get { return new PauseToken(this); } }

            public async Task<bool> IsPaused(CancellationToken token = default(CancellationToken))
            {
                await _stateAsyncLock.WaitAsync(token);
                try
                {
                    return _paused;
                }
                finally
                {
                    _stateAsyncLock.Release();
                }
            }

            public async Task ResumeAsync(CancellationToken token = default(CancellationToken))
            {
                await _stateAsyncLock.WaitAsync(token);
                try
                {
                    if (!_paused)
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    await _pauseRequestAsyncLock.WaitAsync(token);
                    try
                    {
                        var resumeRequestTcs = _resumeRequestTcs;
                        _paused = false;
                        _pauseRequested = false;
                        _resumeRequestTcs = null;
                        _pauseConfirmationTcs = null;
                        resumeRequestTcs.TrySetResult(true);
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        _pauseRequestAsyncLock.Release();
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    _stateAsyncLock.Release();
                }
            }

            public async Task PauseAsync(CancellationToken token = default(CancellationToken))
            {
                await _stateAsyncLock.WaitAsync(token);
                try
                {
                    if (_paused)
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    Task pauseConfirmationTask = null;

                    await _pauseRequestAsyncLock.WaitAsync(token);
                    try
                    {
                        _pauseRequested = true;
                        _resumeRequestTcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
                        _pauseConfirmationTcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
                        pauseConfirmationTask = WaitForPauseConfirmationAsync(token);
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        _pauseRequestAsyncLock.Release();
                    }

                    await pauseConfirmationTask;

                    _paused = true;
                }
                finally
                {
                    _stateAsyncLock.Release();
                }
            }

            private async Task WaitForResumeRequestAsync(CancellationToken token)
            {
                using (token.Register(() => _resumeRequestTcs.TrySetCanceled(), useSynchronizationContext: false))
                {
                    await _resumeRequestTcs.Task;
                }
            }

            private async Task WaitForPauseConfirmationAsync(CancellationToken token)
            {
                using (token.Register(() => _pauseConfirmationTcs.TrySetCanceled(), useSynchronizationContext: false))
                {
                    await _pauseConfirmationTcs.Task;
                }
            }

            internal async Task PauseIfRequestedAsync(CancellationToken token = default(CancellationToken))
            {
                Task resumeRequestTask = null;

                await _pauseRequestAsyncLock.WaitAsync(token);
                try
                {
                    if (!_pauseRequested)
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                    resumeRequestTask = WaitForResumeRequestAsync(token);
                    _pauseConfirmationTcs.TrySetResult(true);
                }
                finally
                {
                    _pauseRequestAsyncLock.Release();
                }

                await resumeRequestTask;
            }
        }

        // PauseToken - consumer side
        public struct PauseToken
        {
            readonly PauseTokenSource _source;

            public PauseToken(PauseTokenSource source) { _source = source; }

            public Task<bool> IsPaused() { return _source.IsPaused(); }

            public Task PauseIfRequestedAsync(CancellationToken token = default(CancellationToken))
            {
                return _source.PauseIfRequestedAsync(token);
            }
        }

        // Basic usage

        public static async Task DoWorkAsync(PauseToken pause, CancellationToken token)
        {
            try
            {
                while (true)
                {
                    token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

                    Console.WriteLine("Before await pause.PauseIfRequestedAsync()");
                    await pause.PauseIfRequestedAsync();
                    Console.WriteLine("After await pause.PauseIfRequestedAsync()");

                    await Task.Delay(1000);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e);
                throw;
            }
        }

        static async Task Test(CancellationToken token)
        {
            var pts = new PauseTokenSource();
            var task = DoWorkAsync(pts.Token, token);

            while (true)
            {
                token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

                Console.WriteLine("Press enter to pause...");
                Console.ReadLine();

                Console.WriteLine("Before pause requested");
                await pts.PauseAsync();
                Console.WriteLine("After pause requested, paused: " + await pts.IsPaused());

                Console.WriteLine("Press enter to resume...");
                Console.ReadLine();

                Console.WriteLine("Before resume");
                await pts.ResumeAsync();
                Console.WriteLine("After resume");
            }
        }

        static async Task Main()
        {
            await Test(CancellationToken.None);
        }
    }
}