python - 如何将 Google Sheets 数据写入 Microsoft Excel？

Question

入门:我对 Python 非常陌生。

我正在努力获取一些 Google 表格数据，并用它创建 .xlsx 表格。通过下面的代码，我可以让 Python 读取数据并将其放入数组中。但是，我似乎无法弄清楚如何让 openpyxl 将其成功写入文档。我假设它与尝试编写数组而不是迭代出现的行有关。

如果您能提供任何帮助/建议，我们将不胜感激。

尝试运行时出现以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "quickstart.py", line 94, in <module>
    main()
  File "quickstart.py", line 90, in main
    ws.append([values])
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\worksheet\worksheet.py", line 763, in append
    cell = Cell(self, row=row_idx, col_idx=col_idx, value=content)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 115, in __init__
    self.value = value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 299, in value
    self._bind_value(value)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 206, in _bind_value
    raise ValueError("Cannot convert {0!r} to Excel".format(value))
ValueError: Cannot convert [['Student Name', 'Gender', 'Class Level', 'Home State', 'Major', 'Extracurricular Activity'], ['Alexandra', 'Female', '4. Senior', 'CA', 'English', 'Drama Club'], ['Andrew', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'SD', 'Math', 'Lacrosse'], ['Anna', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'NC', 'English', 'Basketball'], ['Becky', 'Female', '2. Sophomore', 'SD', 'Art', 'Baseball'], ['Benjamin', 'Male', '4. Senior', 'WI', 'English', 'Basketball'], ['Carl', 'Male', '3. Junior', 'MD', 'Art', 'Debate'], ['Carrie', 'Female', '3. Junior', 'NE', 'English', 'Track & Field'], ['Dorothy', 'Female', '4. Senior', 'MD', 'Math', 'Lacrosse'], ['Dylan', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'MA', 'Math', 'Baseball'], ['Edward', 'Male', '3. Junior', 'FL', 'English', 'Drama Club'], ['Ellen', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'WI', 'Physics', 'Drama Club'], ['Fiona', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'MA', 'Art', 'Debate'], ['John', 'Male', '3. Junior', 'CA', 'Physics', 'Basketball'], ['Jonathan', 'Male', '2. Sophomore', 'SC', 'Math', 'Debate'], ['Joseph', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'AK', 'English', 'Drama Club'], ['Josephine', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'NY', 'Math', 'Debate'], ['Karen', 'Female', '2. Sophomore', 'NH', 'English', 'Basketball'], ['Kevin', 'Male', '2. Sophomore', 'NE', 'Physics', 'Drama Club'], ['Lisa', 'Female', '3. Junior', 'SC', 'Art', 'Lacrosse'], ['Mary', 'Female', '2. Sophomore', 'AK',
'Physics', 'Track & Field'], ['Maureen', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'CA', 'Physics', 'Basketball'], ['Nick', 'Male', '4. Senior', 'NY', 'Art', 'Baseball'], ['Olivia', 'Female', '4. Senior', 'NC', 'Physics', 'Track & Field'], ['Pamela', 'Female', '3. Junior', 'RI', 'Math', 'Baseball'], ['Patrick', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'NY', 'Art', 'Lacrosse'], ['Robert', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'CA', 'English', 'Track & Field'], ['Sean', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'NH', 'Physics', 'Track & Field'], ['Stacy', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'NY', 'Math', 'Baseball'], ['Thomas', 'Male', '2. Sophomore', 'RI', 'Art', 'Lacrosse'], ['Will', 'Male', '4. Senior', 'FL', 'Math', 'Debate']] to Excel

这是我到目前为止所做的代码:

from __future__ import print_function
import httplib2
import oauth2client
import os
import googleapiclient
import openpyxl

from apiclient import discovery
from oauth2client import client
from oauth2client import tools
from oauth2client.file import Storage
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from openpyxl import Workbook


""" This is the code to get raw data from a specific Google Sheet"""
try:
    import argparse
    flags = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[tools.argparser]).parse_args()
except ImportError:
    flags = None

# If modifying these scopes, delete your previously saved credentials
# at ~/.credentials/sheets.googleapis.com-python-quickstart.json
SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_secret_noemail.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Google Sheets API Python'


def get_credentials():
    """Gets valid user credentials from storage.

    If nothing has been stored, or if the stored credentials are invalid,
    the OAuth2 flow is completed to obtain the new credentials.

    Returns:
        Credentials, the obtained credential.
    """
    home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')
    credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')
    if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
        os.makedirs(credential_dir)
    credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir,
                                   'sheets.googleapis.com-python-quickstart.json')

    store = Storage(credential_path)
    credentials = store.get()
    if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
        flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
        flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
        if flags:
            credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store, flags)
        else:  # Needed only for compatibility with Python 2.6
            credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
        print('Storing credentials to ' + credential_path)
    return credentials


def main():
    """Shows basic usage of the Sheets API.

    Creates a Sheets API service object and prints the names and majors of
    students in a sample spreadsheet:
    https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms/edit
    """
    credentials = get_credentials()
    http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
    discoveryUrl = ('https://sheets.googleapis.com/$discovery/rest?'
                    'version=v4')
    service = build('sheets', 'v4', http=http,
                              discoveryServiceUrl=discoveryUrl)

    spreadsheetId = '1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms'
    rangeName = 'Class Data!A:F'
    result = service.spreadsheets().values().get(
        spreadsheetId=spreadsheetId, range=rangeName).execute()
    values = result.get('values', [])

    if not values:
        print('No data found.')
    else:
        wb = Workbook()
        ws = wb.active  
        # Add new row at bottom
        ws.append([values])
        wb.save("users.xlsx")  # Write to disk

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

更新:尝试执行 ws.append(values) 时，出现以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "quickstart.py", line 94, in <module>
    main()
  File "quickstart.py", line 90, in main
    ws.append(values)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\worksheet\worksheet.py", line 763, in append
    cell = Cell(self, row=row_idx, col_idx=col_idx, value=content)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 115, in __init__
    self.value = value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 299, in value
    self._bind_value(value)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 206, in _bind_value
    raise ValueError("Cannot convert {0!r} to Excel".format(value))
ValueError: Cannot convert ['Student Name', 'Gender', 'Class Level', 'Home State', 'Major', 'Extracurricular Activity'] to Excel

使用 Pandas 代码更新:

当将索引标志保留为 true(未编辑)时，这是数据的布局:

"""
Using pandas and dataframes. For writing large amounts of data, this is probably the best way. 
"""
df=DataFrame(data=values)
df.to_excel('Pandas.xlsx')

将索引标志标记为 false 时，数据如下所示:

"""
Using pandas and dataframes. For writing large amounts of data, this is probably the best way. 
"""
df=DataFrame(data=values)
df.to_excel('Pandas.xlsx', index=False)

更新2:解决方案! 下面来自 Zyd 和 Ben.T 的代码完全解决了我的问题。

"""
Using pandas and dataframes. For writing large amounts of data, this is probably the best way. 
"""
df=DataFrame(data=values)
df.to_excel('Pandas.xlsx', header=False, index=False)

谢谢大家的帮助!

Answer 1

这可能不正确，但我的回答有点太多，无法发表评论。

你在哪里:

if not values:
    print('No data found.')
else:
    wb = Workbook()
    ws = wb.active  
    # Add new row at bottom
    ws.append([values])
    wb.save("users.xlsx")  # Write to disk

我会尝试

import pandas
if not values:
    print('No data found.')
else:
    dataframe = pandas.DataFrame([values])
    dataframe.to_excel('excel_out.xlsx')