python - 使用 ord 和 chr 移动字母

Question

我正在尝试执行一个函数，将每个单词中的每个字母按值向右移动 这些单词将来自一个列表，我将使用“打开”功能打开它 我写了代码，我在这里面临一些困难 这是我的代码

def test():
value=eval(input("Value here!"))
with open ("word-text.txt","r") as f:
    for ord in (f):
        print (ord)
        for chr in ord:
            print (chr)
            #nice=(chr[len(ord)+value])
        ''.join([chr(ord(i)+2) for i in s])
        print (i)

这是我得到的输出

Value here!2
apples

a
p
p
l
e
s


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>
    test()
  File "/Users/user/Desktop/Outlook(1)/lab6.py", line 59, in test
    ''.join([chr(ord(i)+2) for i in s])
NameError: global name 's' is not defined

我有以下单词的列表 苹果 橙子 西瓜 猕猴桃 夏南瓜 胡萝卜 秋葵 辣椒 胡椒 cucumber 香蕉 当我使用这段代码时

ef test():
value=eval(input("Value here!"))
with open ("word-text.txt","r") as f:
    for ord in (f):
        print (ord)
        for chr in ord:
            print (chr)
            nice=(chr[len(ord)+value])
            print (nice)

我得到这个输出

Value here!2
apples

a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#56>", line 1, in <module>
    test()
  File "/Users/user/Desktop/Outlook(1)/lab6.py", line 58, in test
    nice=(chr[len(ord)+value])
IndexError: string index out of range
>>> 

我在这里做错了什么？以及最好使用哪种代码才能使其正常工作

谢谢

Answer 1

虽然您的方法总体上走在正确的轨道上，但正如其他人指出的那样，它存在一些问题。由于您似乎无法理解该做什么以及如何解决问题，因此我整理了您的代码(到处进行了一些编辑)并详细记录了我对代码的编辑，以便您可以了解什么方法应该是:

def test():
    value=input("Value here!") #eval is bad AND dangerous practice. Avoid using it.
    with open ("word-text.txt","r") as f:
        #At this point you can do one of two things:
        #1) read the entire file line by line
        #2) read the entire file into a list, and loop/iterate over that list
        #In this example, I'll read the file line by line:
        nice_strings = []
        for line in f:
            line = line.strip() #remove any extraneous whitespace from the line (e.g. spaces and newlines)
            nice_str_chars = []
            #At this point, you want to read EACH character in the line
            #N.B.: ord is the name of a built-in function. Use another name like `char` (below):
            for char in line:
                #Since you're in this loop, you are dealing with EACH individual character of each line
                #And, as you want to "shift" the character by some number of places
                #Python doesn't allow you to natively shift strings by arbitrary amounts,
                #so, the only way we can do so is to convert EACH character into its numeric representation.
                #In order to do so, you have to use the `ord` function which converts characters into
                #their respective integer representation.
                int_of_char = ord(char)
                #At this point, the character has been converted to it's integer equivalent
                #NOW, you can "shift" it. In other words, add the value to the `int_of_char`:
                int_of_char += value #update the value of the variable
                #At this point, the value has been modified, and the INTEGER value of the character has been
                #shifted. However, we don't want the shifted INTEGER value: we want the shifted CHARACTER value.
                #So, how do we convert integers to characters? Python has a builtin function called `chr` which
                #does exactly that.
                #So, let's convert the shifted INTEGER to a shifted CHARACTER using `chr`:
                nice_char = chr(int_of_char)
                #print it out the original and modified characters so you can see what's in the string (this step is optional)
                print char, '=>', nice_char
                #At this point we've successfully shifted the character. However, since this is just A character of the original
                #string, we need a way to save the updated characters as a string. There are a number of ways to do this.
                #For simplicity, we can use a list `nice_str_chars`:
                nice_str_chars.append(nice_char)
            #At this point we've looped over all the characters in ONE LINE, and we've calculated and stored the shifted
            #characters for that same line. However, since we've stored the characters in a list: `nice_str_chars`, we
            #have to convert it to a string. We can do that using the `join` method on an empty string, with 
            #`nice_str_chars` as the list (as we want to join the characters of the list into a string):
            nice_str = ''.join(nice_str_chars)
            #And, since you want to shift ALL the lines, you ought to append the corrected line to a list that can later be
            #returned:
            nice_strings.append(nice_str)
            #you can print it out if necessary:
            print line, '=>', nice_str, '\n'
        #At this point, you've successfully looped over the entire file, shifted all lines by a user entered integer amount,
        #now, all you have to do is return it, or do something else with them (i.e. write the updated strings to another file).
        #That part, I'll leave up to you.
        return nice_strings

这种方法的唯一问题是它不是循环的(即 - 它不会循环回来:例如 z 移动了 3 不会变成 c)，因为这些值将超出其各自字符集的上限(如下面的输出部分所示)。而且，如果输入的值非常大(即大于您正在使用的字符集的范围)，您会得到乱码。

但是，我不知道这是否是您问题的要求(这可能不是，因为您基本上是按照之前的问题的建议对密码进行原始加密)，但我我想我还是会提到。

输出:

Value here!2
a => c
p => r
p => r
l => n
e => g
s => u
apples => crrngu 

o => q
r => t
a => c
n => p
g => i
e => g
s => u
oranges => qtcpigu 

w => y
a => c
t => v
e => g
r => t
m => o
e => g
l => n
o => q
n => p
watermelon => ycvgtognqp 

k => m
i => k
w => y
i => k
kiwi => mkyk 

z => |
u => w
c => e
c => e
h => j
i => k
n => p
i => k
zucchini => |weejkpk 

c => e
a => c
r => t
r => t
o => q
t => v
carrot => ecttqv 

o => q
k => m
r => t
a => c
okra => qmtc 

j => l
a => c
l => n
a => c
p => r
e => g
n => p
o => q
jalapeno => lcncrgpq 

p => r
e => g
p => r
p => r
e => g
r => t
pepper => rgrrgt 

c => e
u => w
c => e
u => w
m => o
b => d
e => g
r => t
cucumber => ewewodgt 

b => d
a => c
n => p
a => c
n => p
a => c
banana => dcpcpc