python - 库 (dylib) 未加载 - 找不到图像 - Python IDE

Question

基本上，我试图从 savReaderWriter 模块运行一些 Python 代码，以便创建一个 .sav 文件，以便在 IBM SPSS 中打开。作为 macOS 用户，我需要先在终端中运行这两行，模块才能工作:

echo 'export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos'  >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8'  >> ~/.bash_profile

下面您可以看到一段我尝试在 Python 中运行的代码:

import savReaderWriter

savFileName = "someFile.sav"
records = [['Test1', 1, 1], ['Test2', 2, 1]]
varNames = ['var1', 'v2', 'v3']
varTypes = {'var1': 5, 'v2': 0, 'v3': 0}
with savReaderWriter.SavWriter(savFileName, varNames, varTypes, ioUtf8=True) as writer:
    for record in records:
        writer.writerow(record)

我的问题是，当通过 terminal.app 在 Python 中运行代码时，效果非常好，并且会出现一个新的 .sav 文件，尝试在 IDE(尝试过 PyCharm 和 Spyder)中执行完全相同的代码会给我一个错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 2847, in run_code
    exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  File "<ipython-input-2-94007b092d47>", line 7, in <module>
    with savReaderWriter.SavWriter(savFileName, varNames, varTypes, ioUtf8=True) as writer:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/savWriter.py", line 198, in __init__
    super(Header, self).__init__(savFileName, ioUtf8, ioLocale)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 29, in __init__
    self.spssio = self.loadLibrary()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 117, in loadLibrary
    spssio = self._loadLibs("macos")
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 89, in _loadLibs
    return [load(os.path.join(path, lib)) for lib in libs][-1]
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 89, in <listcomp>
    return [load(os.path.join(path, lib)) for lib in libs][-1]
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ctypes/__init__.py", line 348, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicuuc48.1.dylib, 6): Library not loaded: @executable_path/../lib/libicudata48.1.dylib
  Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicuuc48.1.dylib
  Reason: image not found

模块作者无法在这件事上帮助我，因此我很高兴收到来自这个社区的任何建议。

编辑(添加系统路径):

从终端:

 ['',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python36.zip',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
 '/Users/mg/mne-python']

来自 IDE:

['/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev',
 '/Users/mg/Documents/Python/Projects/MD',
 '/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python36.zip',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
 '/Users/mg/mne-python',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/extensions',
 '/Users/mg/Documents/Python/Projects/MD']

问候，

镁

Answer 1

找到解决方案!

基本上我需要为错误中出现的每个 dylib 创建符号链接(symbolic link)，示例如下:

sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicudata48.1.dylib /usr/local/lib/libicudata48.1.dylib
sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicui18n48.1.dylib /usr/local/lib/libicui18n48.1.dylib
sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libspssdio.dylib /usr/local/lib/libspssdio.dylib
sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libzlib123spss.dylib /usr/local/lib/libzlib123spss.dylib

理论上来说:

sudo ln -s /path/to/original /path/to/symbolic/link

问候，

镁