python - 在外部文件中保存 Python 字典？

Question

我正在编写的代码本质上是一个 super 基本的 AI 系统(基本上是 Cleverbot 的简单 Python 版本)。

作为代码的一部分，我有一个起始字典，其中包含几个以列表作为值的键。当文件运行时，字典会被修改——创建键并将项目添加到关联列表中。

所以我想做的是将字典作为外部文件保存在同一个文件夹中，这样程序就不必在我每次启动文件时“重新学习”数据。所以它会在文件运行开始时加载它，最后它会将新词典保存在外部文件中。我该怎么做？

我必须使用 JSON 来执行此操作吗？如果是，我该怎么做？我可以使用内置的 json 模块来完成，还是需要下载 JSON？我试图查找如何使用它，但找不到任何好的解释。

我的主文件保存在 C:/Users/Alex/Dropbox/Coding/AI-Chat/AI-Chat.py

短语列表保存在C:/Users/Alex/Dropbox/Coding/AI-Chat/phraselist.py

我正在通过 Canopy 运行 Python 2.7。

当我运行代码时，这是输出:

In [1]: %run "C:\Users\Alex\Dropbox\Coding\AI-Chat.py"
  File "C:\Users\Alex\Dropbox\Coding\phraselist.py", line 2
    S'How are you?'
    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

编辑:我现在明白了。我必须指定 sys.path 以从 phraselist.py 导入短语

这是我的完整代码:

############################################
################ HELPER CODE ###############
############################################
import sys
import random
import json
sys.path = ['C:\\Users\\Alex\\Dropbox\\Coding\\AI-Chat'] #needed to specify path
from phraselist import phrase



def chooseResponse(prev,resp):
    '''Chooses a response from previously learned responses in phrase[resp]    
    resp: str
    returns str'''
    if len(phrase[resp])==0: #if no known responses, randomly choose new phrase
        key=random.choice(phrase.keys())
        keyPhrase=phrase[key]
        while len(keyPhrase)==0:
            key=random.choice(phrase.keys())
            keyPhrase=phrase[key]
        else:
            return random.choice(keyPhrase)
    else:
        return random.choice(phrase[resp])

def learnPhrase(prev, resp):
    '''prev is previous computer phrase, resp is human response
    learns that resp is good response to prev
    learns that resp is a possible computer phrase, with no known responses

    returns None
    '''
    #learn resp is good response to prev
    if prev not in phrase.keys():
        phrase[prev]=[]
        phrase[prev].append(resp)
    else:
        phrase[prev].append(resp) #repeat entries to weight good responses

    #learn resp is computer phrase
    if resp not in phrase.keys():
        phrase[resp]=[]

############################################
############## END HELPER CODE #############
############################################

def chat():
    '''runs a chat with Alan'''
    keys = phrase.keys()
    vals = phrase.values()

    print("My name is Alan.")
    print("I am an Artifical Intelligence Machine.")
    print("As realistic as my responses may seem, you are talking to a machine.")
    print("I learn from my conversations, so I get better every time.")
    print("Please forgive any incorrect punctuation, spelling, and grammar.")
    print("If you want to quit, please type 'QUIT' as your response.")
    resp = raw_input("Hello! ")

    prev = "Hello!"

    while resp != "QUIT":
        learnPhrase(prev,resp)
        prev = chooseResponse(prev,resp)
        resp = raw_input(prev+' ')
    else:
        with open('phraselist.py','w') as f:
            f.write('phrase = '+json.dumps(phrase))
        print("Goodbye!")

chat()

phraselist.py 看起来像:

phrase = {
    'Hello!':['Hi!'],
    'How are you?':['Not too bad.'],
    'What is your name?':['Alex'],
}

Answer 1

您可以为此使用pickle 模块。 这个模块有两个方法，

1. Pickling(dump):将 Python 对象转换为字符串表示形式。
2. Unpickling(load):从存储的字符串表示中检索原始对象。

https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/pickle.html 代码:

>>> import pickle
>>> l = [1,2,3,4]
>>> with open("test.txt", "wb") as fp:   #Pickling
...   pickle.dump(l, fp)
... 
>>> with open("test.txt", "rb") as fp:   # Unpickling
...   b = pickle.load(fp)
... 
>>> b
[1, 2, 3, 4]

---

以下是我们问题的示例代码:

1. 定义短语文件名，并在创建/更新短语数据和获取短语数据期间使用相同的文件名。
2. 在获取短语数据期间使用异常处理，即通过 os.path.isfile(file_path) 方法检查文件是否存在于磁盘上。
3. 使用dump 和load pickle 方法来设置和获取短语。

代码:

import os
import pickle
file_path = "/home/vivek/Desktop/stackoverflow/phrase.json"

def setPhrase():
    phrase = {
        'Hello!':['Hi!'],
        'How are you?':['Not too bad.'],
        'What is your name?':['Alex'],
    }
    with open(file_path, "wb") as fp:
        pickle.dump(phrase, fp)

    return 

def getPhrase(): 
    if os.path.isfile(file_path):
        with open(file_path, "rb") as fp: 
            phrase = pickle.load(fp)
    else:
        phrase = {}

    return phrase

if __name__=="__main__":
    setPhrase()

    #- Get values.
    phrase = getPhrase()
    print "phrase:", phrase

输出:

vivek@vivek:~/Desktop/stackoverflow$ python 22.py
phrase: {'How are you?': ['Not too bad.'], 'What is your name?': ['Alex'], 'Hello!': ['Hi!']}