python - 在文件中搜索模式并替换找到的结果

Question

我正在尝试编写一个简单的程序，它将在给定目录中打开文本文件，搜索与给定模式匹配的所有字符串，并用所需的字符串替换它们，同时删除所有其他信息。我有两个 .txt 文件:

User_321.txt 其中包含:

321_AliceKelly001.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
321_AliceKelly002.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info] 
321_AliceKelly003.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 ...
321_AliceKelly125.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]

和 User_205.txt，其中包含:

 205_CarlCarlson001.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson002.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson_003.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson007.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]

我希望 User_321.txt 包含:

321_AliceKelly_001.jpg
321_AliceKelly_002.jpg 
321_AliceKelly_003.jpg
 ...
321_AliceKelly_125.jpg

和 User_205.txt 包含:

 205_CarlCarlson_001.jpg
 205_CarlCarlson_002.jpg
 205_CarlCarlson_003.jpg
 205_CarlCarlson_007.jpg

所以我只想在名称和最后 3 位数字之间添加“_”。我能够处理所有条目都是统一的情况，即只包含以下形式的条目:

     \d\d\d_[a-zA-Z]\d\d\d.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]

使用以下代码:

import os, re,

path = 'C:\\Users\\ME\\Desktop\\TEST'
text_files = [filename for filename in os.listdir(path)]

desired_text = re.compile(r'\w+.jpg')
#desired_ending = re.compile(r'$[a-zA-Z]\d\d\d.jpg')

for i in range(len(text_files)):
    working_file = path + '\\' + text_files[i]
    fin = open(working_file, 'r')
    match = ''

    for line in fin:
        mo1 = desired_text.search(line)
        if mo1 != '':
            match += mo1.group()[:-7] + '_' + mo1.group()[-7:]+'\n'

    fin.close()

    fout = open(working_file, 'w')
    fout.write(match)
    fout.close()

我在第二种情况下遇到了困难，即当我有一个已经是所需形式的条目时，例如:

 205_CarlCarlson_003.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson007.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info].

我希望它跳过重命名已经处于所需形式的条目并继续其余部分。

我看过How to search and replace text in a file using Python?和 Cheap way to search a large text file for a string , 和 Search and replace a line in a file in Python .这些案例似乎与搜索特定字符串并使用 fileinput 模块将其替换为另一个字符串有关。我想做类似的事情，但在搜索时要更灵活一些。

Answer 1

我稍微修改了你的代码，处理了两种不同的情况，它似乎有效:

import os, re

path = 'C:\\Users\\ME\\Desktop\\TEST'
text_files = [filename for filename in os.listdir(path)]

desired_text1 = re.compile(r'^\d{3}_[a-zA-Z]+\d{3}.jpg')
desired_text2 = re.compile(r'^\d{3}_[a-zA-Z]+_\d{3}.jpg')

for i in range(len(text_files)):
    working_file = path + '\\' + text_files[i]
    fin = open(working_file, 'r')
    match = ''

    for line in fin:
        mo1 = desired_text1.search(line)
        mo2 = desired_text2.search(line)
        if mo1:
            match += mo1.group()[:-7] + '_' + mo1.group()[-7:]+'\n'
        elif mo2:
            match += mo2.group() +'\n'

    fin.close()

    fout = open(working_file, 'w')
    fout.write(match)
    fout.close()