我即将开始一个 Java 元素，我实际上是在制作一个简化的 iTunes 克隆。我将使用 Swing 来制作 GUI，但我想知道除了改变颜色/字体/边框之外，还有一种类似于 iTunes 的方式来设计它的最佳方式。我研究过将 CSS 与 Java Swing 一起使用，但我发现的任何资源都已过时。有什么新方法可以解决这个问题吗？或者我应该研究 CSS 以外的东西吗？
这是我希望通过 Swing 实现的设计(至少是基础):
最佳答案
Swing 没有 CSS 样式。但是，如果您使用 JavaFx2，它是 Swing 的继承者，您确实可以使用 CSS 样式。
如果您对 Swing 还不是很熟悉，我建议您考虑一下 JavaFX。最新的 1.7 版本的 Java 内置了 JavaFX 2.2。它支持 CSS 和 Media Player。
当然也可以在 Swing 中完成。您可以使用许多不同的方法，但为了给您一个起点，下面是我将如何创建按钮。这种方法需要 Java 7，但如果您改用 JXLayer，也可以在以前的 Java 版本中运行它。这些按钮是 2D 绘画和我可以访问的一些图标的组合。只需用您拥有的图标更改它即可。圆圈的大小会根据您使用的图像自行调整大小。
当您单击按钮时，您会听到哔声，并且相应的文本会打印到控制台。一般来说，JLayer 对于设置 Swing 应用程序的样式非常有用。
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.plaf.LayerUI;
/**
*/
public class MediaPlayer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Media Clone");
MediaController mediaController = new MediaController();
frame.getContentPane().add(new MediaView(mediaController));
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(800, 450));
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); // Center
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
static class MediaView extends JPanel {
private MediaList mediaList;
private ButtonView buttonView;
private MediaController controller;
MediaView(MediaController controller) {
this.controller = controller;
createComponents();
makeLayout();
}
public void createComponents() {
mediaList = new MediaList();
buttonView = new ButtonView(controller);
}
public void makeLayout() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(mediaList);
add(new JLayer<>(buttonView, new GradientUI()), BorderLayout.NORTH);
}
}
static class MediaList extends JPanel {
private JTable mediaTable;
MediaList() {
createComponents();
makeLayout();
}
public void createComponents() {
String[] header = new String[]{"Song", "Artist"};
String[][] model = new String[2][2];
model[0][0] = "Hello";
model[0][1] = "World";
model[1][0] = "Goodbye";
model[1][1] = "Sunshine";
mediaTable = new JTable(model, header);
}
public void makeLayout() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(new JScrollPane(mediaTable));
}
}
static class GradientUI extends LayerUI<JComponent> {
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g, JComponent c) {
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON);
int height = c.getHeight();
int width = c.getWidth();
g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(0, 0, new Color(136, 146, 155), 0, height, new Color(101, 108, 116)));
Rectangle2D area = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height);
g2.fill(area);
super.paint(g2, c);
}
}
enum MediaAction {
PLAY, NEXT, PREVIOUS
}
static class MediaController {
private Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
public void execute(MediaAction mediaAction) {
toolkit.beep();
System.out.println(mediaAction.name());
}
}
static class ButtonView extends JPanel {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ButtonView.class.getName());
private JButton play;
private JButton next;
private JButton previous;
private RoundButtonUI playUI;
private ActionListener playActionListener;
private ActionListener nextActionListener;
private ActionListener previousActionListener;
private MediaController controller;
ButtonView(MediaController controller) {
this.controller = controller;
createComponents();
makeLayout();
createHandlers();
registerHandlers();
initComponent();
}
public void createComponents() {
play = new JButton();
next = new JButton();
previous = new JButton();
playUI = new RoundButtonUI();
}
public void createHandlers() {
playActionListener = createMediaAction(MediaAction.PLAY);
nextActionListener = createMediaAction(MediaAction.NEXT);
previousActionListener = createMediaAction(MediaAction.PREVIOUS);
}
private ActionListener createMediaAction(final MediaAction mediaAction) {
return new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
controller.execute(mediaAction);
}
});
}
};
}
public void registerHandlers() {
play.addActionListener(playActionListener);
next.addActionListener(nextActionListener);
previous.addActionListener(previousActionListener);
}
public void makeLayout() {
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEADING));
makeButtonRound(previous, "<<", "bullet_triangle_grey_shadow.png", "bullet_triangle_grey.png");
makeButtonRound(play, ">", "bullet_triangle_glass_grey128x128.png", "bullet_triangle_glass_grey128x128.png");
makeButtonRound(next, ">>", "bullet_triangle_grey_shadow.png", "bullet_triangle_grey.png");
add(new JLayer<>(previous, playUI));
add(new JLayer<>(play, playUI));
add(new JLayer<>(next, playUI));
}
public void initComponent() {
setOpaque(false);
}
private void makeButtonRound(final JButton toBeRounded, String fallback, String imageNormal, String imagePressed) {
toBeRounded.setOpaque(false);
toBeRounded.setFocusPainted(false);
toBeRounded.setBorderPainted(false);
toBeRounded.setContentAreaFilled(false);
toBeRounded.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 10, 5, 5));
URL normalURL = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(imageNormal);
URL pressedURL = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(imagePressed);
if (normalURL != null || pressedURL != null) {
final ImageIcon released = new ImageIcon(normalURL);
final ImageIcon pressed = new ImageIcon(pressedURL);
toBeRounded.setIcon(released);
toBeRounded.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
toBeRounded.setIcon(pressed);
}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
toBeRounded.setIcon(released);
}
});
} else {
toBeRounded.setText(fallback);
log.severe("Missing resources: " + imageNormal + " and " + imagePressed);
}
}
}
/**
* Shifts the image so it looks pressed down.
* Creates a circle around the icon, that varies in size depending on the supplied icon.
*/
static class RoundButtonUI extends LayerUI<JComponent> {
private static final int STROKE_WIDTH = 5;
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g, JComponent c) {
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON);
ButtonModel buttonModel;
JButton b;
if (((JLayer) c).getView() instanceof JButton) {
b = (JButton) ((JLayer) c).getView();
buttonModel = b.getModel();
} else {
super.paint(g, c);
return;
}
int iconHeight = b.getIcon() != null ? b.getIcon().getIconHeight() : 60;
int iconWidth = b.getIcon() != null ? b.getIcon().getIconWidth() : 60;
Shape circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(STROKE_WIDTH, STROKE_WIDTH, iconHeight, iconWidth);
g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(5, 5, new Color(222, 224, 230), 30, 55, new Color(187, 189, 199)));
g2.fill(circle);
g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(15, 0, new Color(90, 97, 105), 15, 30, new Color(132, 142, 152)));
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5));
g2.draw(circle);
if (buttonModel.isPressed()) {
g2.translate(1, 1);
}
super.paint(g2, c);
g2.dispose();
}
}
}
关于java - CSS3 风格的 Java？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13299864/