python - 在 Azure DevOps 上的 Linux 上使用 pyinstaller 获取 "IOError: Python library not found"

Question

我在 Linux 中安装了 python

$ which python
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python

我还有pyinstaller

$ which pyinstaller
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller

现在我已经在/home/username/test/目录中创建了一个示例 python 文件 hello.py

print "Hello World!!"

使用 pyinstaller，当我尝试使用以下命令为其创建可执行文件时，我得到了

IOError: Python library not found: libpython2.7mu.so.1.0, libpython2.7.so.1.0, libpython2.7m.so.1.0

 $ pyinstaller hello.py

 532 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1
 532 INFO: Python: 2.7.6
 534 INFO: Platform: Linux-2.6.18-371.el5-x86_64-with-redhat-5.10-Tikanga
 536 INFO: wrote /home/username/test/hello.spec
 591 INFO: UPX is not available.
 602 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
 ['/home/username/test', '/home/username/test']
 602 INFO: checking Analysis
 602 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
 603 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
 639 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
 757 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
 819 INFO: Caching module hooks...
 858 INFO: Analyzing /home/username/test/hello.py
 859 INFO: Loading module hooks...
 860 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
 6735 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
 6736 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
 6741 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
 7285 INFO: Looking for eggs
 7286 INFO: Python library not in binary depedencies. Doing additional searching...
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller", line 9, in <module>
   load_entry_point('PyInstaller==3.2.1', 'console_scripts', 'pyinstaller')()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 90, in run
   run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args))
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 46, in 
   run_build PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs)
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 788, in main
   build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build'))
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",      
 line 734, in build
   exec(text, spec_namespace)
 File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-     
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 212, in __init__
   self.__postinit__()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/datastruct.py", 
 line 161, in __postinit__
   self.assemble()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 543, in assemble
   self._check_python_library(self.binaries)
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 626, in _check_python_library
   raise IOError(msg)
 IOError: Python library not found: libpython2.7mu.so.1.0, libpython2.7.so.1.0, libpython2.7m.so.1.0
 This would mean your Python installation doesn't come with proper library files.
 This usually happens by missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of Python installation.

 * On Debian/Ubuntu, you would need to install Python development packages
 * apt-get install python3-dev
 * apt-get install python-dev
 * If you're building Python by yourself, please rebuild your Python with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on Darwin)

请任何人告诉我如何解决此错误并使用它创建单个可执行文件。

Answer 1

你似乎有一个非标准的 python 安装:

I have python installed in Linux

$ which python 
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python

这可能会导致 pyinstaller 无法从您的系统中找到 libpython 文件。来自When Things Go Wrong pyinstaller 文档部分:

One of these errors can be puzzling, however: IOError("Python library not found!") PyInstaller needs to bundle the Python library, which is the main part of the Python interpreter, linked as a dynamic load library. The name and location of this file varies depending on the platform in use.

在 Linux 和 Python 2.7 上，当您安装 python2.7-dev 时，这些 libpython* 文件通常位于 /usr/lib/x86_64 下-linux-gnu/:

$ apt-get install python2.7-dev
$ find /usr/lib -name libpython*
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7-pic.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so

在我的机器上，当我在没有设置任何其他选项的情况下运行 pyinstaller 时，它会自动使用 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux- 中的 libpython牛牛:

1632 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...
1654 INFO: Using Python library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0 

对于您使用非标准路径的情况，同一帮助页面还提供了解决方案:

The places where PyInstaller looks for the python library are different in different operating systems, but /lib and /usr/lib are checked in most systems. If you cannot put the python library there, try setting the correct path in the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH in Linux or DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH in OS X.

现在，我不知道你是如何在你的系统上安装 Python 的，所以我不知道你的 libpython 文件在哪里(或者它们是否存在)。你可以做的是:

1. 找到 libpython 文件的路径
   • 也许它在/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib 下？
   • 您可以find/path/to/pkgs -name libpython*
2. 如果没有libpython 文件，您需要先安装它。
   • 在 Linux 上，这通常由 apt-get install python2.7-dev
   完成
3. 将 libpython* 文件的路径添加到您的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   • 尝试export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/dir/with/libpython
   • 或查看 How to set the environmental variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH in linux

---

旁注，我不熟悉 Azure DevOps(如您在标题中所述)，但我不建议将 python(以及所有其他 deps/packages)安装到一些非标准的路径，尤其是当您需要引用它的其他工具时。