c++ - 在 Ubuntu 18.04 上，我编译的 cpp 可执行文件找不到 VTK7 依赖项

Question

在 Ubuntu 18.04 上，即使在 Fedora 28 上一切正常，可执行文件也找不到 vtk 依赖项。是否有必要在 Ubuntu 上重建可执行文件，还是应该直接运行，如果是，如何让它运行？

我很迷茫。命令如下...

marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ uname -a
Linux X1-18 4.15.0-23-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 18:02:16 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ which vtk
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ which vtk7
/usr/bin/vtk7
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ which vtk6
/usr/bin/vtk6
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ sudo apt install vtk7
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
vtk7 is already the newest version (7.1.1+dfsg1-2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ ldd uvlm
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd28927000)
libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007ff03857b000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007ff03835c000)
libvtkViewsContext2D.so.1 => not found
libvtkIOGeometry.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingContextOpenGL2.so.1 => not found
libvtkViewsCore.so.1 => not found
libvtkInteractionWidgets.so.1 => not found
libvtkInteractionStyle.so.1 => not found
libvtkIOLegacy.so.1 => not found
libvtkIOCore.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingContext2D.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingFreeType.so.1 => not found
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007ff0380a8000)
libvtkRenderingOpenGL2.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingCore.so.1 => not found
libvtkFiltersSources.so.1 => not found
libvtkFiltersGeneral.so.1 => not found
libvtkFiltersCore.so.1 => not found
libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSM.so.6 (0x00007ff037ea0000)
libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libICE.so.6 (0x00007ff037c85000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007ff03794c000)
libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0x00007ff03773a000)
libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXt.so.6 (0x00007ff0374d1000)
libvtkCommonExecutionModel.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonDataModel.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonMisc.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonTransforms.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonMath.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonCore.so.1 => not found
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007ff037143000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007ff036da5000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007ff036b8d000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007ff03679c000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007ff036598000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007ff0387ab000)
libpng16.so.16 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16 (0x00007ff036366000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007ff036149000)
libuuid.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuuid.so.1 (0x00007ff035f42000)
libbsd.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 (0x00007ff035d2d000)
libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007ff035b05000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007ff0358fd000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007ff0356f9000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007ff0354f3000)
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ ./uvlm
./uvlm: error while loading shared libraries: libvtkViewsContext2D.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ 

此外，文件夹中有一份正确命名的库拷贝，还有已安装的 vtk(和我自己编译的版本)

marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ find /usr -name 'libvtkViewsCore.so*'
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ find /usr -name 'libvtkViewsCore.so.1*'
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ find /usr -name 'libvtkViewsCore*'
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCore-6.3.so.6.3.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCoreTCL-6.3.so.6.3
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCoreTCL-7.1.so.7.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCoreTCL-7.1.so.7.1.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCoreTCL-6.3.so.6.3.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCorePython27D-6.3.so.6.3
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCorePython36D-7.1.so.7.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCore-7.1.so.7.1.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCore-7.1.so.7.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCorePython36D-7.1.so.7.1.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCore-6.3.so.6.3
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCorePython27D-6.3.so.6.3.0
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ ls
libvtkalglib.so.1                       libvtkFiltersExtraction.so.1  libvtkImagingHybrid.so.1        libvtkRenderingContext2D.so.1
libvtkCommonColor.so.1                  libvtkFiltersGeneral.so.1     libvtkImagingSources.so.1       libvtkRenderingContextOpenGL2.so.1
libvtkCommonComputationalGeometry.so.1  libvtkFiltersGeometry.so.1    libvtkInteractionStyle.so.1     libvtkRenderingCore.so.1
libvtkCommonCore.so.1                   libvtkFiltersHybrid.so.1      libvtkInteractionWidgets.so.1   libvtkRenderingFreeType.so.1
libvtkCommonDataModel.so.1              libvtkFiltersModeling.so.1    libvtkIOCore.so.1               libvtkRenderingOpenGL2.so.1
libvtkCommonExecutionModel.so.1         libvtkFiltersSources.so.1     libvtkIOGeometry.so.1           libvtkRenderingVolume.so.1
libvtkCommonMath.so.1                   libvtkFiltersStatistics.so.1  libvtkIOImage.so.1              libvtksys.so.1
libvtkCommonMisc.so.1                   libvtkglew.so.1               libvtkIOLegacy.so.1             libvtkViewsContext2D.so.1
libvtkCommonSystem.so.1                 libvtkImagingColor.so.1       libvtkIOXMLParser.so.1          libvtkViewsCore.so.1
libvtkCommonTransforms.so.1             libvtkImagingCore.so.1        libvtkIOXML.so.1                uvlm
libvtkDICOMParser.so.1                  libvtkImagingFourier.so.1     libvtkmetaio.so.1               uvlm_old
libvtkFiltersCore.so.1                  libvtkImagingGeneral.so.1     libvtkRenderingAnnotation.so.1  uvlm_old_1

在一些良好的输入之后添加此方法似乎可以通过一些逐行的努力来实现。替换了前两个库。

marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ patchelf --replace-needed libvtkViewsContext2D.so.1 libvtkIOGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 uvlm
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ patchelf --replace-needed libvtkIOGeometry.so.1 libvtkIOGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 uvlm
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ ./uvlm ../ParametricDefinition/param_result_workshop_case6.json 
./uvlm: error while loading shared libraries: libvtkRenderingContextOpenGL2.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
marvin@X1-18:~/Applications/UVLM/release$ ldd uvlm
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc02d56000)
libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007ff20e96e000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007ff20e74f000)
libvtkViewsContext2D-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsContext2D-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20e53b000)
libvtkIOGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20e1f9000)
libvtkRenderingContextOpenGL2.so.1 => not found
libvtkViewsCore.so.1 => not found
libvtkInteractionWidgets.so.1 => not found
libvtkInteractionStyle.so.1 => not found
libvtkIOLegacy.so.1 => not found
libvtkIOCore.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingContext2D.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingFreeType.so.1 => not found
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007ff20df45000)
libvtkRenderingOpenGL2.so.1 => not found
libvtkRenderingCore.so.1 => not found
libvtkFiltersSources.so.1 => not found
libvtkFiltersGeneral.so.1 => not found
libvtkFiltersCore.so.1 => not found
libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSM.so.6 (0x00007ff20dd3d000)
libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libICE.so.6 (0x00007ff20db22000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007ff20d7e9000)
libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0x00007ff20d5d7000)
libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXt.so.6 (0x00007ff20d36e000)
libvtkCommonExecutionModel.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonDataModel.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonMisc.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonTransforms.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonMath.so.1 => not found
libvtkCommonCore.so.1 => not found
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007ff20cfe0000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007ff20cc42000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007ff20ca2a000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007ff20c639000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007ff20c435000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007ff20eb9e000)
libvtkViewsCore-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkViewsCore-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20c206000)
libvtkRenderingContext2D-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkRenderingContext2D-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20bfc0000)
libvtkRenderingCore-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkRenderingCore-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20bae4000)
libvtkCommonCore-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonCore-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20b5b2000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007ff20b395000)
libvtkIOCore-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkIOCore-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20b120000)
libvtkCommonExecutionModel-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonExecutionModel-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20ae63000)
libvtkCommonDataModel-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonDataModel-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20a8b6000)
libvtkCommonTransforms-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonTransforms-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20a686000)
libvtkCommonSystem-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonSystem-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20a471000)
libvtksys-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtksys-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20a22b000)
libpng16.so.16 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16 (0x00007ff209ff9000)
libuuid.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuuid.so.1 (0x00007ff209df2000)
libbsd.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 (0x00007ff209bdd000)
libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007ff2099b5000)
libvtkFiltersGeneral-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkFiltersGeneral-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff209492000)
libvtkRenderingFreeType-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkRenderingFreeType-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff2091d9000)
libvtkCommonColor-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonColor-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff208fbe000)
libvtkFiltersGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkFiltersGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff208d20000)
libvtkFiltersSources-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkFiltersSources-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff208a49000)
libvtkFiltersCore-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkFiltersCore-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20838b000)
libvtkCommonComputationalGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonComputationalGeometry-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff20813d000)
libvtkCommonMath-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonMath-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff207f19000)
libvtkCommonMisc-7.1.so.7.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvtkCommonMisc-7.1.so.7.1 (0x00007ff207cff000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007ff207af7000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007ff2078f3000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007ff2076ed000)

Answer 1

在libvtk7.1中有libvtkViewsContext2D-7.1.so.7.1。如果问题仅出在库名上，则更改可执行文件的依赖项:

$ patchelf --replace-needed libvtkViewsContext2D.so.1 libvtkViewsContext2D-7.1.so.7.1 uvlm

或者编辑可执行文件的搜索路径:

$ patchelf --set-rpath /path/to/libs uvlm

或者在启动时覆盖搜索路径:

$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/libs uvlm