更新：谢谢大家！你很有帮助，非常感谢大家！
我必须从一个.txt文件中读取数据并将它们放入一个B树中。问题是：我无法从文件中读取数据。“；”之间的每个数据都必须存储在不同的变量中，这样我就可以在用户显示它时使用。这个成语是葡萄牙语，但我希望你能听懂。
更新-目前为止的代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
struct veiculos
{
int lote;
char placa[50];
char uf[10];
char motor[50];
int renavam;
char chassi[100];
int ano;
char marca[100];
char proprietario[100];
char financeira[100];
float valor;
};
typedef struct veiculos veiculos;
int main()
{
veiculos a[100];
char ch[100];
int i=0,x=0,caractere;
FILE *fp = fopen("ListadeVeiculosLeilao.txt","r");
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
{
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", ch);
a[i].lote = atoi(ch);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].placa);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].uf);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].motor);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", ch);
a[i].renavam = atoi(ch);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].chassi);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", ch);
a[i].ano = atoi(ch);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].marca);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].proprietario);
fscanf(fp, " %[^;];", a[i].financeira);
fscanf(fp, " %[^\n]\n", ch);
a[i].valor = atof(ch);
for(x=0;x<strlen(a[i].marca);x++){
caractere = a[i].marca[x];
if(caractere==10)a[i].marca[x]=' ';
}
for(x=0;x<strlen(a[i].proprietario);x++){
caractere = a[i].proprietario[x];
if(caractere==10)a[i].proprietario[x]=' ';
}
for(x=0;x<strlen(a[i].financeira);x++){
caractere = a[i].financeira[x];
if(caractere==10)a[i].financeira[x]=' ';
}
}
for(i=1; i<82; i++)
{
printf("%d\n",a[i].lote);
printf("%s\n",a[i].placa);
printf("%s\n",a[i].uf);
printf("%s\n",a[i].motor);
printf("%d\n",a[i].renavam);
printf("%s\n",a[i].chassi);
printf("%d\n",a[i].ano);
printf("%s\n",a[i].marca);
printf("%s\n",a[i].proprietario);
printf("%s\n",a[i].financeira);
printf("%.2f\n\n",a[i].valor);
printf("--------------------\n\n");
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
这是文件：
Lote; Placa; UF; Motor; Renavam; Chassi; Ano; Marca/ Modelo;
Proprietário; Financeira; Valor
0001; LJG6509; DF; BA042893; 00300896778; 7SK182224; 1974;
VW/BRASILIA; GONCALO JOSE DE FRANCA; MARCAL DE ASSIS BRASIL; 3000.00
0002; HBR7108; DF; 9BD17206G83400203; 00954371330; 178F1011*8002263*;
2008; FIAT/SIENA FIRE FLEX; ANTONIO AUGUSTO ALVES DOS SANTOS; AYMORE
FINANCIAMENTOS;3450.00
0003; JJB0059; DF; 9BD17201B53124230; 00838026320; 178E9011*6128825*;
2004; FIAT/SIENA ELX FLEX; JOAO ALBERTO SANTOS SOBRINHO; BANCO
BRADESCO FINANCIAMENTOS S.A. ; 3450.00
0004; JGG0484; DF; 93HGD17404Z120657; 00824912748; L13A4-H113508;
2004; HONDA/FIT LX; FERNANDO EVARISTO DOS SANTOS; BANCO FINASA SA;
3030.00
0005; LJQ8142; RJ; LB8ABK60592; 00304920886; SUPRIMIDO; 1983; FORD/DEL
REY; JOSE SIQUEIRA; AYMORE LEASING; 3150.00
0006; JDQ0675; DF; 9BG5TC11UFC158987; 00293715343; 5JH20PA48199; 1985;
GM/CHEVETTE; RODRIGO DE CASTRO PAULA; AYMORE FINANCIAMENTOS; 3530.00
0007; JGQ8447; DF; 9BFZF10B678103244; 00889829691; CAJA78103244; 2006;
FORD/FIESTA; ANDREA CRISTINA CHAVES MACHADO; BANCO ITAUCARD SA;
3100.00
0008; JDS8539; GO; BA170068; 00001269992; SUPRIMIDO; 1975;
VW/BRASILIA; SAMUEL SOARES SARAFIM; BV FINANCEIRA SA CFI; 2850.00
0009; JFT5423; DF; 9BGSD19401C189366; 00751983616; CJ0039685; 2000;
GM/CORSA SUPER; ELOI NUNES DE SOUSA; PANAMERICANO; 3550.00
0010; JJD1340; DF; 9BD178237T0079169; 00663876648; 4777947; 1996;
FIAT/PALIO EL; LEANDRO DANTAS LIMA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA; 3450.00
0011; KDR1120; DF; 9BGLK19BRRB315479; 00627287034; C20NE31014740L;
1994; GM/VECTRA GLS; MAURICIO DE LIMA SILVA; HSBC BANK BRASIL S/A BM;
2480.00
0012; KAW6325; GO; LB4DPA78820; 00112493793; SUPRIMIDO; 1975;
FORD/CORCEL; LEVINO MACHADO DA COSTA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA; 1880.00
0013; JEQ3930; DF; BS012252; 00000121967; BH136193; 1970; VW/FUSCA
1500; SILVANA APARECIDA DA SILVA; UNIBANCO - UNIAO DE BANCOS
BRASILEIROS S.A.; 1850.00
0014; HYS6690; CE; 9BGRD48X04G134684; 00818350288; 7V0009127; 2003;
GM/CELTA 5 PORTAS; SIMONE QUINTINO MENDES DA VITORIA; BANCO GMAC;
3500.00
0015; JGA2435; DF; 9BGSC68Z01B167794; 00759527709; SUPRIMIDO; 2001;
GM/CORSA WIND; CLEUSA DO ROSARIO A SIQUEIRA; AYMORE FINANCIAMENTOS;
3100.00
0301; JHH8778; DF; 8BCLDRFJ48G521910; 00939636573; SUPRIMIDO; 2007;
I/CITROEN C4 PALLAS20GLM; CRISTIANE MONTEIRO LIMA PAIVA; CAIXA
ECONÔMICA FEDERAL; 2000.00
0302; JKJ5612; DF; 9BWAA05W5DP091431; 00500162247; CCP396671; 2012;
VW/GOL 1.0 ECOMOTION GIV; ANTONIO ALVES DE OLIVEIRA; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2500.00
0303; JHY8370; DF; 8AGCN48X0BR142232; 00253254264; U55060355; 2010;
I/CHEVROLET AGILE LTZ; N.A PIZZARIA RESTAURANTE E SERVICOS DE B; BB
ADMNISTRADORA DE CONSC SA; 3500.00
0304; LNN3808; DF; 93UMA48L714010797; 00766868516; AKL734422; 2001;
AUDI/A3 1.6; ALEX ANTONIO DA SILVA; BANCO BRADESCO SA; 2000.00
0305; LOM1229; DF; 9BMMF33E43A047599; 00797678336; 16696030636876;
2003; M.BENZ/A 160; JOSE BATISTA VIEIRA; BANCO BRADESCO SA; 2000.00
0306; JIS7553; DF; 8AP17206LB2201591; 00322387884; 310A10110162774;
2011; I/FIAT SIENA FIRE FLEX; JULIO CESAR GARCIA FILHO; BV FINANCEIRA
SA CFI; 2500.00
0307; JIC8524; DF; 9BD135316A2122152; 00146989040; X8*0463078*; 2009;
FIAT/IDEA ADVENTURE FLEX; FRANCIVALDO SOARES JACOBINA; BANCO BRADESCO
FINANCIAMENTOS S.A.; 2500.00
0308; JIC0333; DF; 9BWAA05U5AP099734; 00193353180; CCN417375; 2010;
VW/GOL 1.0; MARISA VIANA PEREIRA; BANCO ITAU CFI; 2000.00
0309; JJH5857; DF; LJ12FKR10C4271258; 00451856970; HFC4EB13DB3468084;
2011; I/JAC J3 TURIN; ABRAAO ALVES COSTA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA;
2000.00
0310; JGN4857; DF; 9BD15822764731812; 00860177602; 146E1011*6513692*;
2005; FIAT/UNO MILLE FIRE FLEX; JORGE LUIZ SCHUMCHER; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0311; HAB5748; DF; 9BD17103232203526; 00785472452; 5504789; 2002;
FIAT/PALIO FIRE; EDITE ROSADIAS DE SOUZA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA;
2000.00
0312; JIV8133; DF; 93YLSR6RHBJ754270; 00325257922; D4DH760Q151276;
2011; RENAULT/LOGAN AUT 1016V; ELZI PEREIRA DA SILVA; CIA CFI RCI
BRASIL; 2500.00
0313; JIB6665; DF; 9BFZK03P19B023479; 00966756134; QFRA9023479; 2008;
153308-FORD/KA 1.6FLEX; CARLEONE SILVA COSTA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA;
2500.00
0314; CRE3624; DF; WVWGC63B9WE454295; 00715180053; ACK086808; 1998;
I/VW PASSAT V6; PUMA LOCADORA E TURISMO LTDA ME; BANCO PANAMERICANO
SA; 2000.00
0315; JJH2574; DF; 9BWAA05W9BP046926; 00269279202; CCP225918; 2010;
VW/GOL 1.0 GIV; ELIANE NASCIMENTO DA SILVA.; BANCO ITAUCARD SA;
2000.00
0316; JHA6732; DF; 9BD17164LA5376665; 00127823654; 310A1011*8648527*;
2009; FIAT/PALIO FIRE ECONOMY; JOSE GONCALVES VIEIRA; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0317; JHF5499; DF; 9BD15822A96191255; 00986553212; 146E1011*8501060*;
2008; FIAT/UNO MILLE ECONOMY; FRANCISCO JOSE ENIO DA SILVA; BANCO FIAT
S/A; 2000.00
0318; JIC5460; DF; 9BD110585A1527407; 00253104670; 310A3011*8723769*;
2010; FIAT/LINEA HLX 1.9 DUAL; ANDERSON JOSE BORGES; BV FINANCEIRA SA
CFI; 2500.00
0319; JKK6367; DF; 9BFZF55A0D8486830; 00538849410; SM9AD8486830; 2013;
FORD/FIESTA FLEX; ERINALDO RIBEIRO DE SOUZA; BANCO ITAUCARD SA;
2000.00
0320; DVD7522; DF; 9BWKB05Z174037965; 00898975522; BPA126696; 2006;
VW/CROSSFOX; BRAS CANDIDO BORBA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0321; DKF6896; DF; 9BWKA05Z754019406; 00834445921; BJE025796; 2004;
VW/FOX 1.0; LUCILENE SILVA ALVES TEIXEIRA; REAL LEASING SA
ARRENDAMENTO MERCANTIL; 2000.00
0322; JJC7064; DF; LJ12EKP12E4601216; 00534448585; HFC4EB13DD3415663;
2013; I/JAC J2 1.4; CECILIO LOPES SALES; AYMORE FINANCIAMENTOS;
2500.00
0323; HPW0298; DF; 94DCMGD225J565003; 00847531090; 40704191102; 2004;
NISSAN/FRONTIER 4X2 SE; EDIMAURA PAES DE SOUSA; BANCO ITAUCARD SA;
3000.00
0325; JJJ3627; DF; LSCBB13D8CG800943; 00457564725; JL466Q4B64F019260;
2011; I/CHANGAN CHANA SC13D; FRANCINALDO MOTA; BRB CREDITO
FINANCIAMENTO E INVESTIMENTO S A; 1500.00
0326; JHR0456; DF; 8AD3DRFJ47G049541; 00926565281; 10LH4P1516969;
2006; I/PEUGEOT 307SD 20S M FL; ELMO ELIAS SANTOS NASCIMENTO; AYMORE
FINANCIAMENTOS; 2500.00
0327; JHL7740; DF; 9BWAA05U5AT154996; 00178301620; CCN377037; 2009;
VW/GOL 1.0; CARLOS ALBERTO DA CUNHA SIMOES; AYMORE FINANCIAMENTOS;
2000.00
0328; JHF6749; DF; 9BD17206G93476865; 00986960845; 178F1011*8498738*;
2008; FIAT/SIENA FIRE FLEX; GILSON FARIAS DE ANDRADE; BB LEASING SA
ARREND. MERCANTIL; 2000.00
0329; JHS9868; DF; 9BWAB05Z294059634; 00982925719; CCR036280; 2008;
VW/CROSSFOX; VIVIANE FERNANDES DA SILVA; BANCO BMC S/A - FINASA;
2500.00
0330; JGS6557; DF; 93HFA16307Z108363; 00890983810; R18A1-7Z108367;
2006; HONDA/CIVIC LXS; EURANIO SOARES SANTOS; ITAU UNIBANCO S.A.;
3000.00
0331; JIO0289; DF; LVVDB12B0BD167850; 00333102118; SQR473FAFBC01664;
2011; I/CHERY FACE 1.3; WM COMERCIO E INDUSTRIA DE VIDROS LTDA; AYMORE
FINANCIAMENTOS; 2000.00
0332; JKJ5719; DF; 9BD372110D4034781; 00539312398; 310A10111459900;
2013; FIAT/SIENA EL 1.0 FLEX; JURACY SILVA DE ALMEIDA; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2500.00
0333; JGU6486; DF; 9BD11985461031944; 00871362902; 5M*0173519*; 2005;
FIAT/DOBLO ADVENTURE; PAULO AUGUSTO DE SAO JOSE ; BANCO BRADESCO
FINANCIAMENTOS S.A.; 2000.00
0334; JJK0638; DF; 4S4WXFLU5BS029612; 00459571680; U394686; 2010;
I/SUBARU TRIBECA; ESPOBRAS CONSTRUCAO E INCORPORACAO LTDA; BRADESCO
LEASING S.A. - ARRENDAMENTO MERCANTIL; 3500.00
0335; JKJ8367; DF; 9BD15822AD6830581; 00538014156; 146E10111480325;
2013; FIAT/UNO MILLE ECONOMY; RICARDO DOS SANTOS; BANCO PANAMERICANO
SA; 2000.00
0336; JGB3807; DF; 9BD17140212078216; 00762552905; 5127709; 2001;
FIAT/PALIO EX; HELIO DA SILVA COUTINHO; BANCO ITAUCARD SA; 2000.00
0337; JDV8492; DF; 9BFZF20B558295288; 00846940000; CAJA58295288; 2005;
FORD/FIESTA SEDAN; JOAQUIM JUARES DA SILVA; BANCO PECUNIA S/A; 2000.00
0338; JHN0991; DF; 8BCLDRFJWAG528812; 00199523363; 10TWAA0037624;
2009; I/CITROEN C4 PALLAS20EAF; PAULO HENRIQUE CARVALHO DE MELO ME;
CAIXA ECONÔMICA FEDERAL; 3000.00
0339; JGZ5695; DF; 9BWCA05W66T164423; 00885894626; BNW097198; 2006;
VW/GOL 1.0; PATRICIA DE JESUS OLIVEIRA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA; 1500.00
0340; JHN2980; DF; 9BWDB09N5AP014145; 00172998115; BPA214436; 2009;
VW/POLO SEDAN 1.6; VALDEIR ALVES NOGUEIRA; BANCO ITAUCARD SA; 2000.00
0341; JHM0175; DF; 9BD17206G73324431; 00919759297; 178F1011*7552450*;
2007; FIAT/SIENA FIRE FLEX; ELAINE MARIA FERREIRA LIRA; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0342; JIK9533; DF; 9BWAA05U9BT161869; 00259555479; CCN661628; 2010;
VW/GOL 1.0; MARIA DOS REIS DAMASCENO DA CRUZ; BV FINANCEIRA SA CFI;
2000.00
0343; JIS7029; DF; 9BD15802AC6641487; 00363467912; 146E10110537174;
2011; FIAT/UNO MILLE ECONOMY; CLERISTON APOLINARIO DE ALCANTARA; BANCO
FIAT S/A; 2000.00
0344; JHZ8910; DF; 9BGRM69X0BG201219; 00256126208; NAC034829; 2010;
GM/PRISMA MAXX; TEMISTOCLES FERREIRA MENEZES; BV LEASING ARRENDAMENTO
MERCANTIL SA; 2000.00
0345; HCU7682; DF; 8AD3CRFN16G012508; 00889092001; 10LH2X1388201;
2005; I/PEUGEOT 307 20 FELINE; ADRIANA DOMINGOS DE OLIVEIRA; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0347; JHB2412; DF; 9BGSA19109B248600; 00128377208; S80006976; 2009;
GM/CLASSIC LIFE; SEBASTIAO JORGE DOS SANTOS; BFB LEASING S.A.
ARRENDAMENTO MERCANTIL; 2500.00
0349; JHL9804; DF; 9BWGF07X18P023201; 00959668322; BTJ052200; 2008;
VW/KOMBI; VAGNER BARBOSA DAMASCENO; SOROCRED - CREDITO, FINANC. E
INVESTIMENTO S/A; 2500.00
0350; JIF4985; DF; 9BD17164G85232345; 00967203520; 178F1011*8169351*;
2008; FIAT/PALIO FIRE FLEX; MARCIEL MENDES DOS SANTOS; CAIXA ECONÔMICA
FEDERAL; 2500.00
0351; JGU7099; DF; 9BWCA05W46T197050; 00894987666; BNW124850; 2006;
VW/GOL 1.0 COPA; LEONARDO FERRAZ DE QUEIROZ; BANCO ITAUCARD SA;
2000.00
0352; JIB9378; DF; 9BFZF54A798415312; 00164380370; SM9A98415312; 2009;
FORD/FIESTA SEDAN FLEX; FLORA MECUPRE COELHO DA MOTA CABRAL; BANCO
PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0353; JHB6982; DF; 9BD19250R93087919; 00126902100; Q7*0414787*; 2009;
FIAT/STILO SPORTING FLEX; WESLEY HOLANDA DA SILVA; AYMORE
FINANCIAMENTOS; 2000.00
0354; JHS1582; DF; 9BWAA05U3AT230876; 00200075160; CCN462504; 2010;
VW/GOL 1.0; FABIANO SILVA DOS SANTOS; BANCO BRADESCO FINANCIAMENTOS
S.A.; 2500.00
0356; JKE9912; DF; 9BWAB05U0DT078699; 00469748125; CCRN38259; 2012;
VW/GOL 1.6; PONTO COM SOLUCOES EM TEC DA INF LTDA ME; BANCO SANTANDER
BRASIL S/A; 2500.00
0357; JEM7016; DF; 9BWKA05Z544018334; 00828846650; BJE012286; 2004;
VW/FOX 1.0; JOSEANNE MARIA DA SILVA LUZIA; HSBC BANK BRASIL S/A BM;
2000.00
0358; JFU9161; DF; 9362AN6A96B016806; 00873961633; 10DBTX0000451;
2005; PEUGEOT/206 16 HOLID FX; CLEY FERREIRA DE MACEDO; BB LEASING SA
ARREND. MERCANTIL; 2000.00
0359; JHO8032; DF; 9BFZF54P4A8034381; 00198371420; QF9AA8034381; 2010;
FORD/FIESTA SEDAN1.6FLEX; MARTA APARECIDA RODRIGUES RIBEIRO; BANCO
ITAU BBA SA; 2500.00
0360; JIK3300; DF; 8AP372111C6010504; 00341484245; 310A20110222639;
2011; I/FIAT SIENA EL FLEX; SERGIO BARBOSA DANTAS; BV FINANCEIRA SA
CFI; 2000.00
0362; JHC2944; DF; 93HGD17607Z203068; 00919454690; L13A4-7Z203064;
2007; HONDA/FIT LXL; LUIS FELIPE DA COSTA SILVA; BANCO PANAMERICANO
SA; 3500.00
0363; HAN9315; DF; 9BD19240T53030666; 00838707220; 7Z*0092586*; 2004;
FIAT/STILO; MARCELO BARRAMACHER TOCANTINS; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA;
2000.00
0364; JHI3665; DF; 9BD17106G72863905; 00900855312; 178F1011*7280491*;
2006; FIAT/PALIO FIRE FLEX; ILDEMAR DA COSTA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA;
1500.00
0365; JIB7544; DF; 9BWAA05Z494144655; 00148089003; CCN151413; 2009;
VW/FOX 1.0; ADEILDE DE SOUZA CHAVES; BANCO BRADESCO FINANCIAMENTOS
S.A.; 2500.00
0366; JKN0585; DF; 9BFZF55A4E8041900; 00569311802; SM9AE8041900; 2013;
FORD/FIESTA FLEX; FERNANDO DOS SANTOS; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA; 2000.00
0367; KGZ8961; DF; 9BFZF55P9A8027280; 00197091482; QF9AA8027280; 2010;
FORD/FIESTA 1.6 FLEX; MANOEL DOS REIS VIANA DE SOUSA; BANCO SANTANDER
BRASIL S/A; 2000.00
0368; JHZ6417; DF; 9BD17164LA5464946; 00154185191; 310A1011*8923435*;
2009; FIAT/PALIO FIRE ECONOMY; AHISTIR MARA SILVA; BV FINANCEIRA SA
CFI; 2000.00
0369; JHY3246; DF; 9BWCA05W38T142835; 00945920482; BNW380552; 2007;
VW/GOL 1.0; JONATHAN BARBOSA SILVA; BV FINANCEIRA SA CFI; 3000.00
0370; JGR0169; DF; 8AFDZZFHA4J327237; 00813798485; 4J327237; 2003;
I/FORD FOCUS 1.6L HA;NICHOLLAS MARQUES DE QUEIROZ GONÇALVES; BANCO
ITAUCARD SA; 1500.00
0371; JHX2575; DF; 9BWCA05W28P074052; 00943512786; BNW362784; 2007;
VW/GOL 1.0; GERSON DA SILVA FERREIRA; BANCO PANAMERICANO SA; 3000.00
最佳答案
根据数据文件的实际格式，可能会使事情变得比需要的更困难（而且更容易出错）。正如@JonathanLeffler注释中所述，您的数据文件应该（理想情况下）每行包含一个帐户记录。并不像你所展示的那样，每一条记录中都有断线。
如果您面对的文件具有分散的换行符（以及分隔符周围的空白），则最好重新格式化数据文件。
虽然有许多答案讨论了处理零散换行的面向字段的输入，但当每条记录都是一行时，一种常见的方法是一次读取一行数据文件（面向行）。这允许您使用fgets（或POSIXgetline）进行阅读。
通过一次读取一行，您必须分别验证（1）对行本身的读取；（2）对每行所需信息的解析。
方法相当简单。一次将一行读取到足够大的固定缓冲区中，或者让getline动态分配所需的存储a。在将每一行读入缓冲区后，您可以通过（1）使用带sscanf的格式化解析；（2）使用strtok访问每个字段（不允许使用空字段）；（3）使用类似于strsep的strtok，但要考虑空字段；并且（4）您始终可以在缓冲区中遍历一对指针，检查每个字符并根据需要处理解析。
在这里，由于您尝试使用fscanf，我们将使用sscanf，这是一个紧密的推论。（您可以通过对fscanf的单个调用来读取和解析，但是您失去了对读取和解析进行单独验证的好处——这取决于您自己）
使用sscanf时，解析信息的方式与使用fscanf时相同，只是从已填充的缓冲区（而不是从文件）读取信息。格式字符串的选择非常关键，应该使用field width修饰符来保护数组边界。
（注意：每个分隔符周围的空白是奇怪的，不清楚这是有意的还是无意的。下面的读取假定为无，但将使用任何前导空格，同时让您修剪字段结尾和字符字段分隔符之间的任何尾随空格）
考虑到这一点，您可以从数据文件中读取和解析信息，如下所示：
char buf[MAXC] = ""; /* buffer to read line at a time */
size_t n = 0; /* line index */
/* use filename provided as 1st argument (stdin by default) */
FILE *fp = argc > 1 ? fopen (argv[1], "r") : stdin;
...
if (!fgets (buf, MAXC, fp)) { /* read/discard heading row */
fprintf (stderr, "error: failed to read 1st line.\n");
return 1;
}
...
n++;
while (fgets (buf, MAXC, fp)) { /* read each line into buf */
veiculos tmp = { .lote = 0 }; /* temp struct to fill */
/* validate the return of sscanf to validate parse/conversions */
if (sscanf (buf, "%d; %49[^;]; %9[^;]; %49[^;]; %d; %99[^;]; %d; "
"%99[^;]; %99[^;]; %99[^;]; %f",
&tmp.lote, tmp.placa, tmp.uf, tmp.motor, &tmp.renavam,
tmp.chassi, &tmp.ano, tmp.marca, tmp.proprietario,
tmp.financeira, &tmp.valor) != 11) {
/* if less than 11 returned, failed read, handle error */
fprintf (stderr, "read-error: line %zu.\n", n);
continue; /* get next line */
}
/* ==> add tmp to binary tree here <==
* (note: you will need to trim trailing whitespace from strings)
*/
printf ("line[%3zu]: %5d %10s %4s %24s ...\n",
n, tmp.lote, tmp.placa, tmp.uf, tmp.motor);
n++;
}
不要在代码中使用魔法数字。（例如
[10] [50] [100]，等等）相反，如果您需要代码的常量#define或者使用全局enum来定义它们。始终验证所有输入（尤其是用户输入）。检查输入函数返回失败是对未定义行为和无限循环的邀请，因为您无法检测输入或匹配失败或检测
EOF。如果检测不到这些条件中的任何一个，并且盲目地继续尝试在错误状态下读取流，则将调用未定义的行为。把这些部分放在一起，您可以像下面这样读取您的帐户信息（将该信息添加到btree是留给您的），例如。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* don't put 'magic numbers' in your code, if you need constants,
* #define them, or use an enum as below:
*/
enum { MAXU = 10, MAXP = 50, MAXI = 100, MAXC = 1024 };
typedef struct { /* typedef for struct */
int lote;
char placa[MAXP];
char uf[MAXU];
char motor[MAXP];
int renavam;
char chassi[MAXI];
int ano;
char marca[MAXI];
char proprietario[MAXI];
char financeira[MAXI];
float valor;
} veiculos;
int main (int argc, char **argv) {
char buf[MAXC] = ""; /* buffer to read line at a time */
size_t n = 0; /* line index */
/* use filename provided as 1st argument (stdin by default) */
FILE *fp = argc > 1 ? fopen (argv[1], "r") : stdin;
if (!fp) { /* validate file open for reading */
perror ("file open failed");
return 1;
}
if (!fgets (buf, MAXC, fp)) { /* read/discard heading row */
fprintf (stderr, "error: failed to read 1st line.\n");
return 1;
}
printf ("header line stripped\n\n");
n++;
while (fgets (buf, MAXC, fp)) { /* read each line into buf */
veiculos tmp = { .lote = 0 }; /* temp struct to fill */
/* validate the return of sscanf to validate parse/conversions */
if (sscanf (buf, "%d; %49[^;]; %9[^;]; %49[^;]; %d; %99[^;]; %d; "
"%99[^;]; %99[^;]; %99[^;]; %f",
&tmp.lote, tmp.placa, tmp.uf, tmp.motor, &tmp.renavam,
tmp.chassi, &tmp.ano, tmp.marca, tmp.proprietario,
tmp.financeira, &tmp.valor) != 11) {
/* if less than 11 returned, failed read, handle error */
fprintf (stderr, "read-error: line %zu.\n", n);
continue; /* get next line */
}
/* ==> add tmp to binary tree here <==
* (note: you will need to trim trailing whitespace from strings)
*/
printf ("line[%3zu]: %5d %10s %4s %24s ...\n",
n, tmp.lote, tmp.placa, tmp.uf, tmp.motor);
n++;
}
if (fp != stdin) fclose (fp); /* close file if not stdin */
return 0;
}
（注意：在固定长度数组（例如
placa, chassis等）中存储字符串的空间效率很低，因为在许多情况下，您将存储大多数空格（或不确定值）。更好的方法是根据每个字段的strlen为每个字符串分配存储空间（对于以nul结尾的字符，+1）示例使用/输出
在您的输入文件中以每行1个完整记录运行上述操作将产生以下结果：
$ ./bin/readaccts dat/accounts.txt
header line stripped
line[ 1]: 1 LJG6509 DF BA042893 ...
line[ 2]: 2 HBR7108 DF 9BD17206G83400203 ...
line[ 3]: 3 JJB0059 DF 9BD17201B53124230 ...
line[ 4]: 4 JGG0484 DF 93HGD17404Z120657 ...
line[ 5]: 5 LJQ8142 RJ LB8ABK60592 ...
line[ 6]: 6 JDQ0675 DF 9BG5TC11UFC158987 ...
line[ 7]: 7 JGQ8447 DF 9BFZF10B678103244 ...
line[ 8]: 8 JDS8539 GO BA170068 ...
line[ 9]: 9 JFT5423 DF 9BGSD19401C189366 ...
line[ 10]: 10 JJD1340 DF 9BD178237T0079169 ...
line[ 11]: 11 KDR1120 DF 9BGLK19BRRB315479 ...
line[ 12]: 12 KAW6325 GO LB4DPA78820 ...
line[ 13]: 13 JEQ3930 DF BS012252 ...
line[ 14]: 14 HYS6690 CE 9BGRD48X04G134684 ...
line[ 15]: 15 JGA2435 DF 9BGSC68Z01B167794 ...
line[ 16]: 301 JHH8778 DF 8BCLDRFJ48G521910 ...
line[ 17]: 302 JKJ5612 DF 9BWAA05W5DP091431 ...
line[ 18]: 303 JHY8370 DF 8AGCN48X0BR142232 ...
line[ 19]: 304 LNN3808 DF 93UMA48L714010797 ...
line[ 20]: 305 LOM1229 DF 9BMMF33E43A047599 ...
<snip next 50 lines>
line[ 71]: 360 JIK3300 DF 8AP372111C6010504 ...
line[ 72]: 362 JHC2944 DF 93HGD17607Z203068 ...
line[ 73]: 363 HAN9315 DF 9BD19240T53030666 ...
line[ 74]: 364 JHI3665 DF 9BD17106G72863905 ...
line[ 75]: 365 JIB7544 DF 9BWAA05Z494144655 ...
line[ 76]: 366 JKN0585 DF 9BFZF55A4E8041900 ...
line[ 77]: 367 KGZ8961 DF 9BFZF55P9A8027280 ...
line[ 78]: 368 JHZ6417 DF 9BD17164LA5464946 ...
line[ 79]: 369 JHY3246 DF 9BWCA05W38T142835 ...
line[ 80]: 370 JGR0169 DF 8AFDZZFHA4J327237 ...
line[ 81]: 371 JHX2575 DF 9BWCA05W28P074052 ...
再看一遍，如果你还有问题，请告诉我。
关于c - 在C语言的.text文件中读取“;”之间的字符串，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51110692/