javascript - await Promise.all() 和 multiple await 有什么区别？

Question

有什么区别:

const [result1, result2] = await Promise.all([task1(), task2()]);

和

const t1 = task1();
const t2 = task2();

const result1 = await t1;
const result2 = await t2;

和

const [t1, t2] = [task1(), task2()];
const [result1, result2] = [await t1, await t2];

Answer 1

Note:

This answer just covers the timing differences between await in series and Promise.all. Be sure to read @mikep's comprehensive answer that also covers the more important differences in error handling.

---

为了这个答案的目的，我将使用一些示例方法:

• res(ms) 是一个函数，它接受整数毫秒并返回一个在该多毫秒后解析的 promise 。
• rej(ms) 是一个函数，它接受整数毫秒并返回一个 promise ，该 promise 会在该毫秒数后被拒绝。

调用 res 启动计时器。使用 Promise.all 等待少数延迟将在所有延迟完成后解决，但请记住它们同时执行:

_{示例 #1}

const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), res(1000)])
//                              ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^
//                               delay 1    delay 2    delay 3
//
// ms ------1---------2---------3
// =============================O delay 1
// ===================O           delay 2
// =========O                     delay 3
//
// =============================O Promise.all

async function example() {
  const start = Date.now()
  let i = 0
  function res(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve()
        console.log(`res #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }

  const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), res(1000)])
  console.log(`Promise.all finished`, Date.now() - start)
}

example()

这意味着 Promise.all 将在 3 秒后使用来自内部 promise 的数据解析。

但是，Promise.all has a "fail fast" behavior :

_{示例 #2}

const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), rej(1000)])
//                              ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^
//                               delay 1    delay 2    delay 3
//
// ms ------1---------2---------3
// =============================O delay 1
// ===================O           delay 2
// =========X                     delay 3
//
// =========X                     Promise.all

async function example() {
  const start = Date.now()
  let i = 0
  function res(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve()
        console.log(`res #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  function rej(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        reject()
        console.log(`rej #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  try {
    const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), rej(1000)])
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(`Promise.all finished`, Date.now() - start)
  }
}

example()

如果您改用 async-await，您将不得不等待每个 promise 依次解析，这可能效率不高:

_{示例 #3}

const delay1 = res(3000)
const delay2 = res(2000)
const delay3 = rej(1000)

const data1 = await delay1
const data2 = await delay2
const data3 = await delay3

// ms ------1---------2---------3
// =============================O delay 1
// ===================O           delay 2
// =========X                     delay 3
//
// =============================X await

async function example() {
  const start = Date.now()
  let i = 0
  function res(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve()
        console.log(`res #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  function rej(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        reject()
        console.log(`rej #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  try {
    const delay1 = res(3000)
    const delay2 = res(2000)
    const delay3 = rej(1000)

    const data1 = await delay1
    const data2 = await delay2
    const data3 = await delay3
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(`await finished`, Date.now() - start)
  }
}

example()