我有这个函数，目的是迭代二维数组并访问二维数组中的单个字符。但是 char** buffer 正在变成指向二维数组中的字符串的点，而不是单个字符。
这是我的功能:
bool screen_graph_interator(screen_graph_t* local, char** buffer, uint32_t* iteration, uint32_t start_x, uint32_t start_y, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
// local variables
int x, y;
// TODO: Check for valide start_x, start_y, width, height inputs againsts local screen_graph
// get index
x = start_x + *iteration % width;
y = start_y + *iteration / width;
// if we're beyond domain and range we're done iterating
if(*iteration > (width * height)-1) {
*buffer = NULL;
return false;
}
// get char ptr
*buffer = &(local->field[x][y]);
(*iteration)++;
return true;
}
我认为这一行包含我的错误 *buffer = &(local->field[x][y]);
我在调试器中看到的是:new_char = 0x804a52c "XXXXXX "
其中 new_char 是我传递给 char** buffer 的 char*
似乎 new_char 的值是一个字符串，对吗？
当我调用 printf("%s\n\r", new_char); 时，它会打印整个字符串。
编辑:
如果你想运行我的代码，这里是screen_graph_t
typedef struct screen_graph {
char field[DISPLAY_ROWS][DISPLAY_COLS];
bool expired;
} screen_graph_t;
编辑:
下面是我调用 screen_graph_interator 的方式:
bool screen_graph_changes(screen_graph_t* old_graph, screen_graph_t* new_graph) {
// local variables
char* old_char = NULL;
char* new_char = NULL;
uint32_t iteration = 0; // the screen_graph iteration index
uint32_t vt_string_index = 0; // the position in the VT100 string, to be sent to putty session
uint32_t skip_count = 0; // the char count not changed
while(screen_graph_interator(old_graph, &old_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_COLS, DISPLAY_ROWS)) {
iteration--;
screen_graph_interator(new_graph, &new_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_COLS, DISPLAY_ROWS);
// check for character differences
if( *old_char != *new_char
&& *new_char != '\0') {
// determine if we need a VT100 jump
if(skip_count > 0) {
...
最佳答案
将上面的代码片段转换成问题中应该提供的 MCVE ( Minimal, Complete, Verifiable Example ) 并添加一些基本断言，您最终可以得到如下代码:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
enum { DISPLAY_ROWS = 24, DISPLAY_COLS = 50 };
typedef struct screen_graph
{
char field[DISPLAY_ROWS][DISPLAY_COLS];
bool expired;
} screen_graph_t;
static bool screen_graph_interator(screen_graph_t *local, char **buffer,
uint32_t *iteration, uint32_t start_x, uint32_t start_y,
uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
int x = start_x + *iteration % width;
int y = start_y + *iteration / width;
if (*iteration > (width * height) - 1)
{
*buffer = NULL;
return false;
}
*buffer = &(local->field[x][y]);
assert(*buffer >= &local->field[0][0] &&
*buffer <= &local->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]);
(*iteration)++;
return true;
}
static bool screen_graph_changes(screen_graph_t *old_graph, screen_graph_t *new_graph)
{
char *old_char = NULL;
char *new_char = NULL;
uint32_t iteration = 0;
while (screen_graph_interator(old_graph, &old_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_COLS, DISPLAY_ROWS))
{
iteration--;
screen_graph_interator(new_graph, &new_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_COLS, DISPLAY_ROWS);
assert(old_char >= &old_graph->field[0][0] &&
old_char <= &old_graph->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]);
assert(new_char >= &new_graph->field[0][0] &&
new_char <= &new_graph->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]);
if (*old_char != *new_char && *new_char != '\0')
{
printf("Different: %" PRIu32 "\n", iteration);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
int main(void)
{
screen_graph_t old_graph = { 0 };
screen_graph_t new_graph = { 0 };
old_graph.field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1] = 'O';
new_graph.field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1] = 'N';
screen_graph_changes(&old_graph, &new_graph);
return 0;
}
请注意，严格来说，如果地址超出数组范围(
运行时，它因断言失败而崩溃。源代码在 ob17.c 中:
Assertion failed: (*buffer >= &local->field[0][0] && *buffer <= &local->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]), function screen_graph_interator, file ob17.c, line 30.
Abort trap: 6
诊断
如果您将 DISPLAY_ROWS 设置为等于 DISPLAY_COLS，则不会触发断言。他们都在 24 时，它产生:
Different: 576
如果您在对 screen_graph_iterator() 的调用中交换参数 DISPLAY_ROWS 和 DISPLAY_COLS，则不会触发断言。使用 24 和 50 值，它产生:
Different: 1200
基本问题是您正在越界访问数组，因为您在 screen_graph_iterator() 中颠倒了 功能。因此，该问题的另一种解决方案是:x 和 y 的表达式
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
enum { DISPLAY_ROWS = 24, DISPLAY_COLS = 50 };
//enum { DISPLAY_ROWS = 24, DISPLAY_COLS = 24 };
typedef struct screen_graph
{
char field[DISPLAY_ROWS][DISPLAY_COLS];
bool expired;
} screen_graph_t;
static bool screen_graph_interator(screen_graph_t *local, char **buffer,
uint32_t *iteration, uint32_t start_x, uint32_t start_y,
uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
int y = start_x + *iteration % width;
int x = start_y + *iteration / width;
//int x = start_x + *iteration % width;
//int y = start_y + *iteration / width;
if (*iteration > (width * height) - 1)
{
*buffer = NULL;
return false;
}
*buffer = &(local->field[x][y]);
assert(*buffer >= &local->field[0][0] &&
*buffer <= &local->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]);
(*iteration)++;
return true;
}
static bool screen_graph_changes(screen_graph_t *old_graph, screen_graph_t *new_graph)
{
char *old_char = NULL;
char *new_char = NULL;
uint32_t iteration = 0;
while (screen_graph_interator(old_graph, &old_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_COLS, DISPLAY_ROWS))
//while (screen_graph_interator(old_graph, &old_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_ROWS, DISPLAY_COLS))
{
iteration--;
screen_graph_interator(new_graph, &new_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_COLS, DISPLAY_ROWS);
//screen_graph_interator(new_graph, &new_char, &iteration, 0, 0, DISPLAY_ROWS, DISPLAY_COLS);
assert(old_char >= &old_graph->field[0][0] &&
old_char <= &old_graph->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]);
assert(new_char >= &new_graph->field[0][0] &&
new_char <= &new_graph->field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1]);
if (*old_char != *new_char && *new_char != '\0')
{
printf("Different: %" PRIu32 "\n", iteration);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
int main(void)
{
screen_graph_t old_graph = { 0 };
screen_graph_t new_graph = { 0 };
old_graph.field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1] = 'O';
new_graph.field[DISPLAY_ROWS-1][DISPLAY_COLS-1] = 'N';
screen_graph_changes(&old_graph, &new_graph);
return 0;
}
这不会产生断言失败和 Different: 1200 输出。
<支持> (对于 10k 用户，问题的前一版本:Can't pass local struct reference to another function。它遇到了同样的问题。)
关于c - 如何引用二维数组中的单个字符？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40990884/