c - 读取数组时访问冲突

Question

我正在尝试读取一组数据并收到访问冲突。我可以使用分配数组的函数从数组中读取数据:

AllCurrentData[newLineCount].data[tabCount] = malloc(length + 1);
strcpy( AllCurrentData[newLineCount].data[tabCount], buffer );

printf("%s", AllCurrentData[newLineCount].data[tabCount]);

但是不能在函数外读取。这是我遇到访问冲突的地方，看起来它正在尝试读取空位置。

如何在不同的函数中访问数组 AllCurrentData 中的数据？谢谢!

额外信息:

typedef struct current{

    char **data;

}CurrentData;

AllCurrentData 在 main 中声明:

CurrentData *AllCurrentData = '\0';

函数调用

getCurrentData(current, AllCurrentData);

printf("%s", AllCurrentData[0].data[0]);   //<----- error here

Answer 1

CurrentData *AllCurrentData = '\0';

这声明了一个指针。该指针是一个变量，其中包含一个被解释为地址的数字。您将指针初始化为“\0”(空)。

getCurrentData(current, AllCurrentData);

在这里，您将此指针作为参数传递给函数 getCurrentData。由于指针是一个变量，因此该变量按值传递，这意味着该函数接收该值的副本(表示地址的数字)。

如果你在函数内部编写

AllCurrentData = malloc...

您修改了指针的副本，因此在函数 AllCurrentData 之外仍将是“\0”。 您需要将指针传递给该指针(我知道是 Inception)。

getCurrentData(current, &AllCurrentData);

getCurrentData(.., CurrentData **p_AllCurrentData) {
*p_AllCurrentData = malloc(...);
}

---

让我用一个更简单的例子来解释这个概念:

int *v = NULL; // here v is a pointer. This pointer has value 0 (invalid address)
v = malloc(10 * sizeof(int)); // here the pointer is assigned a valid address, lets say 0x41A0
f(v);


void f(int *x) {
  // here the pointer x receives a copy of the value of the pointer v, so x will be, like v, 0x41A0
  x[0] = 4; 
  /*this is ok as you modify the memory at the address 0x41A0,
  so this modification is seen from outside the function, as v points to the same address.*/

  x = malloc(...);
  /* this is NOT ok, as x receives a new address, lets say 0xCC12.
  But because x has a copy of the value from v, v will still be unmodified.*/
}

所以如果你想在函数内部分配一个指针，这是不行的:

int *v = NULL; // here v is a pointer. This pointer has value 0 (invalid address)

f(v);    

void f(int *x) {
  // here the pointer x receives a copy of the value of the pointer v, so x will be, like v, NULL


  x = malloc(...); 
  /*this is NOT ok, as x receives a new address, lets say 0xCC12.
  But because x has a copy of the value from v, v will still be unmodified,
  it will still have NULL.*/
}

正确的做法是:

int *v = NULL; // here v is a pointer. This pointer has value 0 (invalid address)
// as v is a variable (of type pointer to int), v has an address, lets say 0xAAAA.
f(&v);


void f(int **p_x) {
  /* here the p_x is a pointer to (a pointer of int),
  so this pointer receives a copy of the value the address of p, so p_x is 0xAAAA.*/


  *p_x = malloc(...);
  /* lets say malloc returns the address 0xBBBB. This will be the address of our vector.
  *p_x= says we modify the value at the address p_x. So the value found at the adress 0xAAAA
  will be 0XBBBB. But because 0xAAAA is the address of v, we effectively modified the value of v
  to 0xBBBB. So now v has the address of our starting vector.*/
  // if you want to modify values inside this vector you need:
  (*p_x)[0] = ...
}