c - 如何扫描单词并存储从 C 中扫描的哪一行？

Question

我正在尝试制作一个程序，从文件中读取单词并将每个单词及其出现的行存储在列表中，然后打印单词，其中的行按字母顺序出现，关于如何做到这一点的任何指导？ 到目前为止，我已经放置了两个数组、单词和行来测试我的代码。但是我对如何通过获取每个单词及其出现的行来从文件中读取它感到困惑。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define LEN  7


/* Struct for word and lines that appears in */
struct wordStruct {
char *word;
char *lines;
struct wordStruct *next;
};

static int compare_words(const struct wordStruct *a, const struct wordStruct *b) {
 return strcmp(a->word, b->word);
}

static struct wordStruct *insert_sorted(struct wordStruct *headptr, char *word, char *lines) {
/* Struct head */
struct wordStruct **pp = &headptr;
/* Allocate heap space for a record */
struct wordStruct *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct wordStruct));
if (ptr == NULL) {
    abort();
}

/* Assign to structure fields */
ptr->word = word;
ptr->lines = lines;
ptr->next = NULL;

/* Store words in alphabetic order */
while (*pp != NULL && compare_words(ptr, *pp) >= 0) {
    pp = &(*pp)->next;
}
ptr->next = *pp;
*pp = ptr;

return headptr;
}


int main(int argc, char **argv) {

char *Arr[LEN] = { "jack", "and", "jill", "went", "up", "the", "hill" };
char *Arr2[LEN] = { "22,1,5", "24,7,3", "50", "26,66", "18,23", "32,22", "24,8" };


int i;

/* Snitialize empty list */
struct wordStruct *headptr = NULL;
/* Snitialize current */
struct wordStruct *current;

/* Insert words in list */
for (i = 0; i < LEN; i++) {
    headptr = insert_sorted(headptr, Arr[i], Arr2[i]);
}

current = headptr;
while (current != NULL) {
    printf("%s appears in lines %s.\n", current->word, current->lines);
    current = current->next;
}
return 0;
}

我也想过这个问题，但我不确定如何将它与我的代码合并以使其获取找到单词的行并更改 wordStruct 中的行..

    void read_words (FILE *f) {
char x[1024];
/* assumes no word exceeds length of 1023 */
while (fscanf(f, " %1023s", x) == 1) {
    puts(x);
}
}

Answer 1

im confused with how to make it read from a file with getting each word and the line it appears in..

让我们定义一个行:所有字符直到并包括一个潜在的终止符'\n'。第一行是 line 1。最后一行可能以也可能不以 '\n' 结尾。

让我们定义一个词:一个由非空白字符组成的字符串。出于实际和安全考虑，请限制其大小。

使用 fscanf(..., "%1023s", ...) 可以读取单词，但由于 "%s" 会消耗前导空格，任何 '\n' 都将丢失以计算行数。只需在 fscanf 之前，一次查找一个字符 '\n'。

char *GetWord1024(FILE *ifile, char *dest, uintmax_t *linefeed_count) {
  // test for bad parameters
  assert(ifile && dest && linefeed_count);

  // consume leading white space and update count of leading line-feeds
  int ch;
  while (isspace(ch = fgetc(ifile))) {
    if (ch == '\n') {
      (*linefeed_count)++;
    }
  }
  ungetc(ch, ifile);  // put back non-whitespace character or EOF

  if (fscanf(ifile, "%1023s", dest) == 1) {
    return dest;
  }

  return NULL;  // No word
}

示例用法

int main(void) {
  uintmax_t linefeed_count = 0;
  char word[1024];
  while (GetWord1024(stdin, word, &linefeed_count)) {
    printf("Line:%ju <%s>\n", linefeed_count + 1, word);
  }
  return 0;
}