c - "cannot collect variable"？

Question

“无法收集变量”是什么意思？我该如何解决它？它使调试器不会报告值。

我正在尝试调用我的函数

write_argument2(argc, * argv, * string[0]);

我将更改并重新排列 argv。我的变量 string 是 char **string[100][100]; ，也许这并不理想。字符串变量将使用新参数更新 argv:

void write_argument2(int argc, char argv[], char *string[]) {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j <  argc; j++) {
        if (argv[j])
             string[j] = strdup(&argv[j]);
    }
}

但是我做错了什么，它崩溃了。该错误显示“无法收集变量”以及 strdup 的段错误。

我还尝试了以下编译但也成为段错误的方法:* string[j] = * strdup( & argv[j]);

Gdb 说:

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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
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and "show warranty" for details.
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Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
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Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from ./shell...done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/dac/ClionProjects/shell2/openshell/shell 
'PATH' is set to /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin.
$ ls

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000403b1a in write_argument2 (string=<optimized out>, argv=<optimized out>, 
    argc=<optimized out>) at main.c:147
147              string[j] = strdup( &argv[j]);
(gdb) 

我应该使用 strcpy 来代替还是更改一些声明？

Answer 1

argv 是一个字符串数组 (char *argv[])，它不是一个 char 数组。如果你的字符串定义为char string[100][100];，即它的存储定义为数组，你可以执行以下操作:

void write_argument2(int argc, char *argv[], char string[][100]) {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j <  argc; j++) {
        if (argv[j])
             strcpy(string[j], argv[j]);
    }
}

但是，如果 argv 的字符串数量多于 string 的数量(即 100)或 argv 的任何元素，则可能会崩溃> 大于 99。因此您也可以进行动态分配:

char **write_argument2(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    char **string = malloc(argc * sizeof(char*));
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j <  argc; j++) {
        if (argv[j])
             string[j] = strdup(argv[j]);
    }
    return string;
}

编辑:添加一个测试程序来演示OP:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

char **write_argument2(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    char **string = malloc(argc * sizeof(char*));
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j <  argc; j++) {
        if (argv[j])
             string[j] = strdup(argv[j]);
    }
    return string;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    char **string = write_argument2(argc, argv);
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        printf("%d: %s\n", i, string[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

调用这个问题:

$ ./a.out a bb ccc dddd
0: ./a.out
1: a
2: bb
3: ccc
4: dddd