python - 如何沿着对象的中心画一条线

Question

我想用这两条线测量香蕉的宽度。第一行是香蕉周围的轮廓:

第二行是香蕉的中间一行:

正如您在图片中看到的，我尝试使用 skeletonization方法，但它有一些噪音并且线路未连接(实际上有多条线路相互重叠)。我希望红线是一条没有噪音的单线:

所以我可以从中计算出宽度。

更新:现在我可以删除所有嘈杂的像素，结果如下所示:

但是线是不连续的，我需要一个连续的。

我要画这条红线的原因有点难以解释，但我想通过画一条垂直线来找到最长的宽度:

另一个更新:现在我可以通过画一条线连接所有这些线到壁橱的两个点，结果如下所示

Answer 1

这个答案解释了如何找到轮廓的最粗部分。这个答案有四个步骤。您已经完成了其中的一些步骤，为了清楚起见，我将在本回答中重申这些步骤。

第一步:检测骨架

import cv2
import numpy as np
import math

# Read image
src = cv2.imread('/home/stephen/Desktop/banana.png')
img = src.copy()
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
mask = np.zeros_like(gray)

# Find contours in image
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(gray, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnt = contours[1]

# Draw skeleton of banana on the mask
img = gray.copy()
size = np.size(img)
skel = np.zeros(img.shape,np.uint8)
ret,img = cv2.threshold(img,5,255,0)
element = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS,(3,3))
done = False
while( not done):
    eroded = cv2.erode(img,element)
    temp = cv2.dilate(eroded,element)
    temp = cv2.subtract(img,temp)
    skel = cv2.bitwise_or(skel,temp)
    img = eroded.copy() 
    zeros = size - cv2.countNonZero(img)
    if zeros==size: done = True
kernel = np.ones((2,2), np.uint8)
skel = cv2.dilate(skel, kernel, iterations=1)
skeleton_contours, _ = cv2.findContours(skel, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
largest_skeleton_contour = max(skeleton_contours, key=cv2.contourArea)

第二步:将轮廓拉长到图像的边缘

# Extend the skeleton past the edges of the banana
points = []
for point in largest_skeleton_contour: points.append(tuple(point[0]))
x,y = zip(*points)
z = np.polyfit(x,y,7)
f = np.poly1d(z)
x_new = np.linspace(0, img.shape[1],300)
y_new = f(x_new)
extension = list(zip(x_new, y_new))
img = src.copy()
for point in range(len(extension)-1):
    a = tuple(np.array(extension[point], int))
    b = tuple(np.array(extension[point+1], int))
    cv2.line(img, a, b, (0,0,255), 1)
    cv2.line(mask, a, b, 255, 1)   
mask_px = np.count_nonzero(mask)

第三步:求轮廓中各点间的距离，只看与骨架线相交的距离

# Find the distance between points in the contour of the banana
# Only look at distances that cross the mid line
def is_collision(mask_px, mask, a, b):
    temp_image = mask.copy()
    cv2.line(temp_image, a, b, 0, 2)
    new_total = np.count_nonzero(temp_image)
    if new_total != mask_px: return True
    else: return False

def distance(a,b): return math.sqrt((a[0]-b[0])**2 + (a[1]-b[1])**2)

distances = []
for point_a in cnt[:int(len(cnt)/2)]:
    temp_distance = 0
    close_distance = img.shape[0] * img.shape[1]
    close_points = (0,0),(0,0)
    for point_b in cnt:
        A, B = tuple(point_a[0]), tuple(point_b[0])
        dist = distance(tuple(point_a[0]), tuple(point_b[0]))
        if is_collision(mask_px, mask, A, B):
            if dist < close_distance:
                close_points = A, B
                close_distance = dist
    cv2.line(img, close_points[0], close_points[1], (234,234,123), 1)
    distances.append((close_distance, close_points))
    cv2.imshow('img',img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)    

第 4 步:找到最大距离:

max_thickness = max(distances)
a, b = max_thickness[1][0], max_thickness[1][1]
cv2.line(img, a, b, (0,255,0), 4)
print("maximum thickness = ", max_thickness[0])