matlab - 如何以比官方记录更多的方式自定义 App Designer 图形？

Question

最近发布的 article in UndocumentedMatlab , 提到 App Designer图实际上是使用 Dojo Toolkit 的网页.这意味着我们可以理论上直接操作 HTML DOM 以实现某些 UI 自定义，否则这些自定义是不可用的。

下面是 App Designer 图窗定义的示例，如 App Designer(在 MATLAB R2016a 上)生成的 .m 文件中所示:

classdef domDemo < matlab.apps.AppBase

    % Properties that correspond to app components
    properties (Access = public)
        UIFigure     matlab.ui.Figure          % UI Figure
        LabelListBox matlab.ui.control.Label   % List Box
        ListBox      matlab.ui.control.ListBox % Item 1, Item 2, Item 3, It...
    end

    methods (Access = private)

        % Code that executes after component creation
        function startupFcn(app)

        end
    end

    % App initialization and construction
    methods (Access = private)

        % Create UIFigure and components
        function createComponents(app)

            % Create UIFigure
            app.UIFigure = uifigure;
            app.UIFigure.Position = [100 100 260 147];
            app.UIFigure.Name = 'UI Figure';
            setAutoResize(app, app.UIFigure, true)

            % Create LabelListBox
            app.LabelListBox = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
            app.LabelListBox.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
            app.LabelListBox.Position = [50 93 44 15];
            app.LabelListBox.Text = 'List Box';

            % Create ListBox
            app.ListBox = uilistbox(app.UIFigure);
            app.ListBox.Position = [109 36 100 74];

        end
    end

    methods (Access = public)

        % Construct app
        function app = domDemo()

            % Create and configure components
            createComponents(app)

            % Register the app with App Designer
            registerApp(app, app.UIFigure)

            % Execute the startup function
            runStartupFcn(app, @startupFcn)

            if nargout == 0
                clear app
            end
        end

        % Code that executes before app deletion
        function delete(app)

            % Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
            delete(app.UIFigure)
        end
    end
end

...看起来像这样:

根据 uilistbox 的文档(这会将我们重定向到 Check Box Properties 上的页面以获取完整的属性列表)，没有办法进行操作，例如列表项的文本对齐方式。如果是这样，

Question: How do we manipulate the ListBox in the example app such that its contents become center-aligned, even though such a setting is not available to us?

Answer 1

为了成功完成这项任务，我们需要做几件事:

• 找到 HTML/CSS 所在的位置(这样我们就可以操纵它们)。
• 找到我们要编辑的 DOM 元素。
• 找出我们需要做出的改变。
• 找到一种使用 MATLAB 操作元素的方法。

---

逐步工作:

1。查找图形的 HTML/CSS 的存储/定位位置

win = struct(struct(struct(app).UIFigure).Controller).Container.CEF;
URL = win.URL; % Needed only for testing in browser

2。找到我们需要编辑的 DOM 元素

data_tag = char(struct(app.ListBox).Controller.ProxyView.PeerNode.getId);

使用浏览器验证:

3。找出我们需要做出的改变是什么

由于我们想要操纵文本对齐方式，我们用谷歌搜索了一些相关关键字并找到了 CSS text-align property .然后我们手动试试看是否真的有效:

4。找到一种使用 MATLAB 操作元素的方法

使用 dojo.style和 dojo.query :

win.executeJS(['dojo.style(dojo.query("[data-tag^=''' data_tag ''']")[0],"textAlign","center")']);

---

此答案的完整代码:

classdef domDemo < matlab.apps.AppBase

    % Properties that correspond to app components
    properties (Access = public)
        UIFigure     matlab.ui.Figure          % UI Figure
        LabelListBox matlab.ui.control.Label   % List Box
        ListBox      matlab.ui.control.ListBox % Item 1, Item 2, Item 3, It...
    end

    methods (Access = private)

        % Code that executes after component creation
        function startupFcn(app)
          % Customizations (aka "MAGIC GOES HERE"):
          drawnow; rez = [];
          warning off MATLAB:HandleGraphics:ObsoletedProperty:JavaFrame
          warning off MATLAB:structOnObject            
          while ~strcmp(rez,'"center"')
            try                
              % 1. Get a handle to the webwindow:
              win = struct(struct(struct(app).UIFigure).Controller).Container.CEF;
              % 2. Find which element of the DOM we want to edit (as before):
              data_tag = char(struct(app.ListBox).Controller.ProxyView.PeerNode.getId);    
              % 3. Manipulate the DOM via a JS command
              rez = win.executeJS(['dojo.style(dojo.query("[data-tag^=''' ...
                data_tag ''']")[0],"textAlign","center")']);
            catch
              pause(1); % Give the figure (webpage) some more time to load
            end
          end
        end
    end

    % App initialization and construction
    methods (Access = private)

        % Create UIFigure and components
        function createComponents(app)

            % Create UIFigure
            app.UIFigure = uifigure;
            app.UIFigure.Position = [100 100 260 147];
            app.UIFigure.Name = 'UI Figure';
            setAutoResize(app, app.UIFigure, true)

            % Create LabelListBox
            app.LabelListBox = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
            app.LabelListBox.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
            app.LabelListBox.Position = [50 93 44 15];
            app.LabelListBox.Text = 'List Box';

            % Create ListBox
            app.ListBox = uilistbox(app.UIFigure);
            app.ListBox.Position = [109 36 100 74];

        end
    end

    methods (Access = public)

        % Construct app
        function app = domDemo()

            % Create and configure components
            createComponents(app)

            % Register the app with App Designer
            registerApp(app, app.UIFigure)

            % Execute the startup function
            runStartupFcn(app, @startupFcn)

            if nargout == 0
                clear app
            end
        end

        % Code that executes before app deletion
        function delete(app)

            % Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
            delete(app.UIFigure)
        end
    end
end