ruby - 无法通过 Homebrew 安装 Ruby，权限被拒绝错误

Question

作为编程新手，我正在尝试使用 Homebrew 软件安装 Ruby。安装一直卡在“openssl”阶段。这似乎取决于目录的权限:

/usr/local/etc/openssl/

在这里和其他地方的在线研究表明试图通过 Homebrew 单独安装“openssl”，我已经完成并以错误结束:

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2e.yosemite.bot
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/openssl-1.0.2e.yosemite.bottle.tar.gz
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2e.yosemite.bottle.tar.gz
Error: Permission denied - /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
Warning: Bottle installation failed: building from source.
==> Downloading https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz
==> perl ./Configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e --openssldir=/usr
==> make depend

==> make
==> make test
==> make install MANDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/share/man MANSUFFIX=ssl
Last 15 lines from /Users/Joe/Library/Logs/Homebrew/openssl/05.make:
SSL_want_read.3ssl => SSL_want.3ssl
SSL_want_write.3ssl => SSL_want.3ssl
SSL_want_x509_lookup.3ssl => SSL_want.3ssl
installing man3/SSL_write.3ssl
installing man3/d2i_SSL_SESSION.3ssl
i2d_SSL_SESSION.3ssl => d2i_SSL_SESSION.3ssl
installing man3/ssl.3ssl
Cannot create directory /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs: Permission denied
created directory `/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/bin'
created directory `/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib'
created directory `/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib/engines'
created directory `/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib/pkgconfig'
created directory `/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/include'
created directory `/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/include/openssl'
make: *** [install_sw] Error 13

所以我使用“chown”更改了/openssl/目录的所有权并设法更进一步，但现在我遇到了这个错误:

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2e.yosemite.bot
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/openssl-1.0.2e.yosemite.bottle.tar.gz
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2e.yosemite.bottle.tar.gz
Error: Permission denied - /usr/local/etc/openssl/misc/c_hash
Warning: Bottle installation failed: building from source.
==> Downloading https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz
==> perl ./Configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e --openssldir=/usr
==> make depend
==> make
==> make test
==> make install MANDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/share/man MANSUFFIX=ssl
Last 15 lines from /Users/Joe/Library/Logs/Homebrew/openssl/05.make:
            *DSO_WIN32*) sfx="eay32.dll"; pfx=;; \
            *) sfx=".bad";; \
            esac; \
            cp ${pfx}gost$sfx /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new; \
        fi; \
        chmod 555 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new; \
        mv -f /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2e/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx; \
    fi
installing gost
making install in apps...
installing openssl
installing CA.sh
cp: /usr/local/etc/openssl/misc/CA.sh.new: Permission denied
make[1]: *** [install] Error 1
make: *** [install_sw] Error 1

再一次，与 openssl 文件夹中的东西的权限有关吗？

有人知道怎么改吗？

我想最让我困惑的是我是这台计算机上的唯一用户，因此也是唯一的管理员，所以我无法理解为什么我没有权限访问任何东西？

我尝试过的另外两件事:

• 在我的命令之前使用 sudo
• 完全重新安装 OS X

提前感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

仅仅成为机器上唯一的管理员用户并不意味着您使用该用户运行的所有命令都将以 root 权限运行。即使您没有获得 GUI 登录，机器内部仍然有一个单独的 root 用户。这将是一个安全风险，它还有助于防止您在运行破坏性命令时不小心挂起自己，而无需在它前面敲击 sudo。

您有两种选择来解决问题:

1. 调整安装程序所需的每个目录的权限(在本例中为 /usr/local/etc/openssl/misc)。看起来它需要基于错误的写权限。但是，一旦您克服了该特定错误，可能会有更多目录。

你可以像这样让它完全打开:

chmod -R 777 /usr/local/etc/openssl/misc

或chown一切都给你自己:

chown -R "$USER":admin /usr/local

1. 以 root 用户身份运行 brew(或通过 sudo 以 root 权限运行)。这将要求您chown brew 可执行文件到 root 而不是您的用户。