<分区>
我在 Go 和 C++ 中对一个简单的套接字乒乓测试进行了基准测试。客户端首先向服务器发送 0。服务器递增它获得的任何数字并将其发送回客户端。客户端将数字回显给服务器，并在数字为 1,000,000 时停止。
客户端和服务器都在同一台计算机上，所以我在这两种情况下都使用 Unix 套接字。 (我也试过同主机 TCP 套接字，显示了类似的结果)。
Go 测试需要 14 秒，而 C++ 测试需要 8 秒。这让我感到惊讶，因为我已经运行了相当多的 Go 与 C++ 基准测试，并且通常只要我不触发垃圾收集器，Go 的性能就与 C++ 一样。
我在 Mac 上，尽管评论者也报告说 Go 版本在 Linux 上速度较慢。
想知道我是否缺少优化 Go 程序的方法，或者是否只是底层效率低下。
下面是我执行测试时运行的命令，以及测试结果。所有代码文件都粘贴在这个问题的底部。
运行 Go 服务器:
$ rm /tmp/go.sock
$ go run socketUnixServer.go
运行 Go 客户端:
$ go build socketUnixClient.go; time ./socketUnixClient
real 0m14.101s
user 0m5.242s
sys 0m7.883s
运行 C++ 服务器:
$ rm /tmp/cpp.sock
$ clang++ -std=c++11 tcpServerIncUnix.cpp -O3; ./a.out
运行 C++ 客户端:
$ clang++ -std=c++11 tcpClientIncUnix.cpp -O3; time ./a.out
real 0m8.690s
user 0m0.835s
sys 0m3.800s
代码文件
去服务器:
// socketUnixServer.go
package main
import (
"log"
"net"
"encoding/binary"
)
func main() {
ln, err := net.Listen("unix", "/tmp/go.sock")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Listen error: ", err)
}
c, err := ln.Accept()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
log.Println("Connected with client!")
readbuf := make([]byte, 4)
writebuf := make([]byte, 4)
for {
c.Read(readbuf)
clientNum := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(readbuf)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(writebuf, clientNum+1)
c.Write(writebuf)
}
}
Go 客户端:
// socketUnixClient.go
package main
import (
"log"
"net"
"encoding/binary"
)
const N = 1000000
func main() {
c, err := net.Dial("unix", "/tmp/go.sock")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Dial error", err)
}
defer c.Close()
readbuf := make([]byte, 4)
writebuf := make([]byte, 4)
var currNumber uint32 = 0
for currNumber < N {
binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(writebuf, currNumber)
c.Write(writebuf)
// Read the incremented number from server
c.Read(readbuf[:])
currNumber = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(readbuf)
}
}
C++ 服务器:
// tcpServerIncUnix.cpp
// Server side C/C++ program to demonstrate Socket programming
// #include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// Big Endian (network order)
unsigned int fromBytes(unsigned char b[4]) {
return b[3] | b[2]<<8 | b[1]<<16 | b[0]<<24;
}
void toBytes(unsigned int x, unsigned char (&b)[4]) {
b[3] = x;
b[2] = x>>8;
b[1] = x>>16;
b[0] = x>>24;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
int server_fd, new_socket, valread;
struct sockaddr_un saddr;
int saddrlen = sizeof(saddr);
unsigned char recv_buffer[4] = {0};
unsigned char send_buffer[4] = {0};
server_fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
saddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(saddr.sun_path, "/tmp/cpp.sock", sizeof(saddr.sun_path));
saddr.sun_path[sizeof(saddr.sun_path)-1] = '\0';
bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
listen(server_fd, 3);
// Accept one client connection
new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, (socklen_t*)&saddrlen);
printf("Connected with client!\n");
// Note: if /tmp/cpp.sock already exists, you'll get the Connected with client!
// message before running the client. Delete this file first.
unsigned int x = 0;
while (true) {
valread = read(new_socket, recv_buffer, 4);
x = fromBytes(recv_buffer);
toBytes(x+1, send_buffer);
write(new_socket, send_buffer, 4);
}
}
C++ 客户端:
// tcpClientIncUnix.cpp
// Server side C/C++ program to demonstrate Socket programming
// #include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// Big Endian (network order)
unsigned int fromBytes(unsigned char b[4]) {
return b[3] | b[2]<<8 | b[1]<<16 | b[0]<<24;
}
void toBytes(unsigned int x, unsigned char (&b)[4]) {
b[3] = x;
b[2] = x>>8;
b[1] = x>>16;
b[0] = x>>24;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
int sock, valread;
struct sockaddr_un saddr;
int opt = 1;
int saddrlen = sizeof(saddr);
// We'll be passing uint32's back and forth
unsigned char recv_buffer[4] = {0};
unsigned char send_buffer[4] = {0};
sock = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
saddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(saddr.sun_path, "/tmp/cpp.sock", sizeof(saddr.sun_path));
saddr.sun_path[sizeof(saddr.sun_path)-1] = '\0';
// Accept one client connection
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0) {
throw("connect failed");
}
int n = 1000000;
unsigned int currNumber = 0;
while (currNumber < n) {
toBytes(currNumber, send_buffer);
write(sock, send_buffer, 4);
// Read the incremented number from server
valread = read(sock, recv_buffer, 4);
currNumber = fromBytes(recv_buffer);
}
}