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我正在关注 Django REST Framework 的
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，一切都很好，直到第 4 部分 - 身份验证和权限 -> tutorial，我想浏览我通过 url http://localhost:8024/users 创建的用户/。
但我收到此错误消息:
AssertionError at /users/
Class UserSerializer missing "Meta.model" attribute
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8024/users/
Django Version: 1.10
Exception Type: AssertionError
Exception Value:
Class UserSerializer missing "Meta.model" attribute
Exception Location: C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\serializers.py in get_fields, line 976
Python Executable: C:\Python27\python.exe
Python Version: 2.7.11
Python Path:
['D:\\github\\py2\\dj-rest\\tutorial',
'C:\\Windows\\system32\\python27.zip',
'C:\\Python27\\DLLs',
'C:\\Python27\\lib',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\plat-win',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\lib-tk',
'C:\\Python27',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages']
Server time: Thu, 10 Aug 2017 11:41:38 +0000
但我的 UserSerializer 类中确实有 class Meta，如“serializers.py”文件中所示，请查看并帮助我。
序列化器.py
# serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# add a new field
owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner.username')
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'file',
'linenos', 'language', 'style', 'owner')
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
Because 'snippets' is a reverse relationship on the User model,
it will not be included by default when using the ModelSerializer class,
so we needed to add an explicit field for it.
"""
snippets = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True,
queryset=Snippet.objects.all())
class Meta:
module = User
fields = ('id', 'username', 'snippets')
模型.py
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers, get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
from pygments.formatters.html import HtmlFormatter
from pygments import highlight
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
# Create your models here.
class Snippet(models.Model):
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
file = models.FileField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100)
owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='snippets', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
highlighted = models.TextField()
class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Use the `pygments` library to create a highlighted HTML
representation of the code snippet.
"""
lexer = get_lexer_by_name(self.language)
linenos = self.linenos and 'table' or False
options = self.title and {'title': self.title} or {}
formatter = HtmlFormatter(style=self.style, linenos=linenos,
full=True, **options)
self.highlighted = highlight(self.code, lexer, formatter)
super(Snippet, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
View .py
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer, UserSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
from django.contrib.auth.models import User # for authentication and permissions
from rest_framework import permissions
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
"""
get -> list;
post -> create;
"""
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
"""
get -> retrieve;
put -> update;
delete -> destroy;
"""
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
片段/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()),
url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
]
# Adding optional format suffixes to our URLs
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
# serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# add a new field
owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner.username')
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'file',
'linenos', 'language', 'style', 'owner')
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
Because 'snippets' is a reverse relationship on the User model,
it will not be included by default when using the ModelSerializer class,
so we needed to add an explicit field for it.
"""
snippets = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True,
queryset=Snippet.objects.all())
class Meta:
module = User
fields = ('id', 'username', 'snippets')
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers, get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
from pygments.formatters.html import HtmlFormatter
from pygments import highlight
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
# Create your models here.
class Snippet(models.Model):
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
file = models.FileField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100)
owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='snippets', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
highlighted = models.TextField()
class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Use the `pygments` library to create a highlighted HTML
representation of the code snippet.
"""
lexer = get_lexer_by_name(self.language)
linenos = self.linenos and 'table' or False
options = self.title and {'title': self.title} or {}
formatter = HtmlFormatter(style=self.style, linenos=linenos,
full=True, **options)
self.highlighted = highlight(self.code, lexer, formatter)
super(Snippet, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
View .py
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer, UserSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
from django.contrib.auth.models import User # for authentication and permissions
from rest_framework import permissions
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
"""
get -> list;
post -> create;
"""
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
"""
get -> retrieve;
put -> update;
delete -> destroy;
"""
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
片段/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()),
url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
]
# Adding optional format suffixes to our URLs
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer, UserSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
from django.contrib.auth.models import User # for authentication and permissions
from rest_framework import permissions
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
"""
get -> list;
post -> create;
"""
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
"""
get -> retrieve;
put -> update;
delete -> destroy;
"""
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
from django.conf.urls import url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()),
url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
]
# Adding optional format suffixes to our URLs
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)