python - Django: 'last_login' 中的未知列 'field list'

Question

我确实浏览了其他主题，但找不到任何有用的或对我有帮助的内容。我所做的只是执行 python manage.py inspectdb > models.py，然后稍微编辑一下文件，用户模型，然后进行迁移。

现在，当我尝试创建 super 用户时，出现此错误

D:\Programming\Web\blaine county\website>python manage.py createsuperuser --username=andrei --email=andreigames9@gmail.com
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
Password:
Password (again):
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 71, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 250, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 50, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 247, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 411, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 374, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 277, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1054, "Unknown column 'last_login' in 'field list'")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 365, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 59, in execute
    return super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 335, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 179, in handle
    self.UserModel._default_manager.db_manager(database).create_superuser(**user_data)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 161, in create_superuser
    return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 144, in _create_user
    user.save(using=self._db)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 73, in save
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 729, in save
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 759, in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 842, in _save_table
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 880, in _do_insert
    using=using, raw=raw)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1125, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1280, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 71, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 250, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 50, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 247, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 411, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 374, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 277, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: (1054, "Unknown column 'last_login' in 'field list'")

这是我的 models.py https://pastebin.com/5sEY7t5H

问题是我有一个遗留数据库，我试图将应用程序连接到它。

Answer 1

在使用用户模型和遗留数据库时，您需要考虑几件事情。

在 Django 中有四个 User 选项构建了它，而你在这里尝试做的不是其中任何一个。

第一个选项是使用默认的 User 模型，第二个选项是使用 AbstractUser 模型，第三个选项是 AbstractBaseUser，第四个选项是从相关模型返回链接。

您在这里尝试做的是使用 AbstractUser 选项，但这不是那样工作的。 AbstractUser 选项使用基本 User 模型中的所有字段 + 模型中定义的附加字段。

AbstractBaseUser 是基本选项，使用默认 User 模型中的三个字段:password、last_login、is_active 以及您在模型中定义的任何其他字段。

要使其工作，您需要运行 makemigrations 和 migrate，这将创建 User 模型，其中包含 last_login 等字段以及所有其他字段。 但你不能那样做，因为你正在使用带有 managed = False 的旧数据库。这意味着:

If False, no database table creation or deletion operations will be performed for this model. This is useful if the model represents an existing table or a database view that has been created by some other means.

这意味着使用遗留数据库和 managed = False 选项，您将无法进行迁移和迁移，因此这意味着 User 模型的 Django 选项都是不可能的，因为您总是会丢失一个或另一个字段。

如果你打算使用遗留数据库和你自己的用户模型，那么你需要深入研究 Django 并至少重写(覆盖)身份验证、登录和注销功能，因为它们不能与你的 Users 一起使用模型。您不能只复制使用 EntityFramework 创建的数据库(我假设)并期望它可以与 Django 一起使用。

你或多或少有三个理智的选择:

1. 从遗留数据库中删除 Users 模型(您不必删除它，只需将其从 AbstractBase 更改为 models.Model )并在 Django 中设置您自己的模型，然后仅使用遗留数据库来存储数据。
2. 如果您被允许对遗留数据库执行“任何”操作，请将您需要的表切换到 managed = True ，删除与您的 User 模型中的 Django Users 模型冲突的字段，进行迁移和迁移。
3. 创建新数据库并将数据从旧数据库复制到新数据库。