我有一个比较两个 python 字典的程序，对于深度为 1 的非嵌套字典，它工作得很好。算法非常简单:
for key in dict1, if not in dict2
print "-" key
for key in dict2, if not in dict1
print "+" key
for dict2Value, if not equal to dict1Value
print "+" dict2value
print "-" dict1value
正如我所说，它适用于深度为 1 且未嵌套的字典。我应该如何更改算法以处理更深层次的嵌套和字典，我已经被困了一段时间。
我的代码:
def print_diff(dict1, dict2):
for n in dict1:
if n not in dict2:
print('- "' + str(n) + '":')
for n in dict2:
if n not in dict1:
print('+ "' + str(n) + '":')
continue
if dict2[n] != dict1[n]:
if type(dict2[n]) not in (dict, list):
print('- "' + str(n) + '" : "' + str(dict1[n]))
print('+ "' + str(n) + '" : "' + str(dict2[n]))
else:
if type(dict2[n]) == dict:
print_diff(dict1[n], dict2[n])
continue
return
以下采用较短的形式输出差异(您可以根据自己的情况进行更改)。
层次结构由输出中的 START/STOP 表示。
>>> def dictdiff(d1, d2):
s1, s2 = set(d1), set(d2)
in1, in12, in2 = s1 - s2, s1 & s2, s2 - s1
if in1: print('Keys only in 1:', sorted(in1))
if in2: print('Keys only in 2:', sorted(in2))
sameval = {key for key in in12 if d1[key] == d2[key]}
if sameval: print('Keys with equal values:', sorted(sameval))
diffval = in12 - sameval
diffdict = {key for key in diffval if type(d1[key]) == type(d2[key]) == dict}
diffother = diffval - diffdict
if diffother: print('Keys with different values (that are not both dicts):', sorted(diffother))
for key in sorted(diffdict):
print('## START dictdiff for common key', key)
dictdiff(d1[key], d2[key])
print('## STOP dictdiff for common key', key)
>>> d1 = dict(a=1, b=2, c=dict(x=1, y=2), d=1, f=dict(s=1, t=3))
>>> d2 = dict(a=1, b=3, c=dict(x=1, y=2), e=1, f=dict(s=1, t=2))
>>> dictdiff(d1, d2)
Keys only in 1: ['d']
Keys only in 2: ['e']
Keys with equal values: ['a', 'c']
Keys with different values (that are not both dicts): ['b']
## START dictdiff for common key f
Keys with equal values: ['s']
Keys with different values (that are not both dicts): ['t']
## STOP dictdiff for common key f
>>>
最好记住以下几点:
>>> d1['c'] is d2['c']
False
>>> d1['c'] == d2['c']
True
>>>