python - 在嘈杂的数据中寻找山谷

Question

Date        Time_GMTTime_IST    Current
11/15/2016  5:12:27 10:42:27    26.61
11/15/2016  5:12:28 10:42:28    42.27
11/15/2016  5:12:29 10:42:29    25.48
11/15/2016  5:12:30 10:42:30    24.24
11/15/2016  5:12:31 10:42:31    25.91
11/15/2016  5:12:32 10:42:32    27.75
11/15/2016  5:12:33 10:42:33    24.46
11/15/2016  5:12:34 10:42:34    24.32
11/15/2016  5:12:35 10:42:35    24.81
11/15/2016  5:12:36 10:42:36    27.36
11/15/2016  5:12:37 10:42:37    28.2
11/15/2016  5:12:38 10:42:38    28.29
11/15/2016  5:12:39 10:42:39    26.52
11/15/2016  5:12:40 10:42:40    32.58
11/15/2016  5:12:41 10:42:41    24.24
11/15/2016  5:12:42 10:42:42    24.36
11/15/2016  5:12:43 10:42:43    26.48
11/15/2016  5:12:44 10:42:44    28.76
11/15/2016  5:12:45 10:42:45    24.51
11/15/2016  5:12:46 10:42:46    23.93
11/15/2016  5:12:47 10:42:47    25.23
11/15/2016  5:12:48 10:42:48    27.9
11/15/2016  5:12:49 10:42:49    27.84
11/15/2016  5:12:50 10:42:50    27.31
11/15/2016  5:12:51 10:42:51    29.17
11/15/2016  5:12:52 10:42:52    24
11/15/2016  5:12:53 10:42:53    32.51
11/15/2016  5:12:54 10:42:54    26.63
11/15/2016  5:12:55 10:42:55    22.34
11/15/2016  5:12:56 10:42:56    29.14
11/15/2016  5:12:57 10:42:57    46.62
11/15/2016  5:12:58 10:42:58    48.85
11/15/2016  5:12:59 10:42:59    30.59
11/15/2016  5:13:00 10:43:00    30.68
11/15/2016  5:13:01 10:43:01    30.82
11/15/2016  5:13:02 10:43:02    31.64
11/15/2016  5:13:03 10:43:03    43.91

以上是示例数据，数据持续数天。我必须找到电流的凹陷，如 image 所示。 .如果电流长时间低于 30 安培，我必须检测到谷状凹陷。我已经研究了一段时间，但我想不出任何可以准确找到解决方案的逻辑。任何类型的建议表示赞赏。机器学习方法也被接受。

Answer 1

您可以只使用移动窗口平均值方法:

1. 选择合适的窗口宽度(在您的情况下，条目之间的增量为每个条目一秒，因此您选择的宽度将以秒为单位)

2. 遍历您的 currents 列并根据您选择的窗口宽度计算 currents 的平均值

3. 根据之前的状态检查它何时低于阈值或高于阈值

对于您的示例数据，这可能如下所示。在此图中，您的原始 currents 数据被描绘为蓝色虚线，移动平均线是粗绿线，状态变化被标记为红色垂直线。

我用来生成该图像的代码是:

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

c = [26.61, 42.27, 25.48, 24.24, 25.91, 27.75, 24.46, 24.32, 24.81, 27.36, 28.2, 28.29, 26.52, 32.58, 24.24, 24.36, 26.48, 28.76, 24.51, 23.93, 25.23, 27.9, 27.84, 27.31, 29.17, 24, 32.51, 26.63, 22.34, 29.14, 46.62, 48.85, 30.59, 30.68, 30.82, 31.64, 43.91]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Choose window width and threshold
    window = 5
    thres = 27.0

    # Iterate and collect state changes with regard to previous state
    changes = []
    rolling = [None] * window
    old_state = None
    for i in range(window, len(c) - 1):
        slc = c[i - window:i + 1]
        mean = sum(slc) / float(len(slc))
        state = 'good' if mean > thres else 'bad'

        rolling.append(mean)
        if not old_state or old_state != state:
            print('Changed to {:>4s} at position {:>3d} ({:5.3f})'.format(state, i, mean))
            changes.append((i, state))
            old_state = state

    # Plot results and state changes
    plt.figure(frameon=False, figsize=(10, 8))
    currents, = plt.plot(c, ls='--', label='Current')
    rollwndw, = plt.plot(rolling, lw=2, label='Rolling Mean')
    plt.axhline(thres, xmin=.0, xmax=1.0, c='grey', ls='-')
    plt.text(40, thres, 'Threshold: {:.1f}'.format(thres), horizontalalignment='right')
    for c, s in changes:
        plt.axvline(c, ymin=.0, ymax=.7, c='red', ls='-')
        plt.text(c, 41.5, s, color='red', rotation=90, verticalalignment='bottom')
    plt.legend(handles=[currents, rollwndw], fontsize=11)
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.savefig('local/plot.png', dpi=72, bbox_inches='tight')