我正在尝试安装最新版本的 Armadillo (6.500.5) http://arma.sourceforge.net/在 Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS 上。
我需要求解稀疏线性系统的能力，因此根据说明，我需要安装 SuperLU 4.3 版。我安装了 SuperLU 4.3，但在尝试构建 Armadillo 时收到以下错误
Scanning dependencies of target armadillo
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/armadillo.dir/src/wrapper.cpp.o Linking CXX shared library libarmadillo.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/SuperLU_4.3/lib/libsuperlu_4.3.a(sgssv.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/lib/SuperLU_4.3/lib/libsuperlu_4.3.a: error adding symbols: Bad value
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [libarmadillo.so.6.500.5] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/armadillo.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
所以我在 SuperLU makefile 中添加了 -fPIcflags并重新编译了 SuperLU，但随后得到了一个非常轻微不同的错误
Linking CXX shared library libarmadillo.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/SuperLU_4.3/lib/libsuperlu_4.3.a(superlu_timer.o): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `sysconf@@GLIBC_2.2.5' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [libarmadillo.so.6.500.5] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/armadillo.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
我不确定从这里去哪里。 Armadillo 似乎希望找到共享库格式的 SuperLU，而 SuperLU 将自己安装为静态库。包管理器中可用的 Armdillo 版本似乎太过时了，没有我需要的功能。
这里是一些Makefile
SuperLU 的顶级 Makefile
############################################################################
#
# Program: SuperLU
#
# Module: Makefile
#
# Purpose: Top-level Makefile
#
# Creation date: October 2, 1995
#
# Modified: February 4, 1997 Version 1.0
# November 15, 1997 Version 1.1
# September 1, 1999 Version 2.0
# October 15, 2003 Version 3.0
# August 1, 2008 Version 3.1
#
############################################################################
include make.inc
all: install lib testing
lib: superlulib tmglib
clean: cleanlib cleantesting
install:
( cd INSTALL; $(MAKE) )
# ( cd INSTALL; cp lsame.c ../SRC/; \
# cp dlamch.c ../SRC/; cp slamch.c ../SRC/ )
blaslib:
( cd CBLAS; $(MAKE) )
superlulib:
( cd SRC; $(MAKE) )
tmglib:
( cd TESTING/MATGEN; $(MAKE) )
matlabmex:
( cd MATLAB; $(MAKE) )
testing:
( cd TESTING ; $(MAKE) )
doc:
doxygen Doxyfile
cleanlib:
( cd SRC; $(MAKE) clean )
( cd TESTING/MATGEN; $(MAKE) clean )
( cd CBLAS; $(MAKE) clean )
cleantesting:
( cd INSTALL; $(MAKE) clean )
( cd TESTING; $(MAKE) clean )
( cd MATLAB; $(MAKE) clean )
( cd EXAMPLE; $(MAKE) clean )
( cd FORTRAN; $(MAKE) clean )
SuperLU 中的 make.inc
############################################################################
#
# Program: SuperLU
#
# Module: make.inc
#
# Purpose: Top-level Definitions
#
# Creation date: October 2, 1995
#
# Modified: February 4, 1997 Version 1.0
# November 15, 1997 Version 1.1
# September 1, 1999 Version 2.0
#
############################################################################
#
# The machine (platform) identifier to append to the library names
#
PLAT = _linux
#
# The name of the libraries to be created/linked to
#
SuperLUroot = /usr/lib/SuperLU_4.3
SUPERLULIB = $(SuperLUroot)/lib/libsuperlu_4.3.a
#BLASLIB = $(SuperLUroot)/lib/libblas.a
## ATLAS BLAS causes single-precision to fail
#BLASDEF = -DUSE_VENDOR_BLAS
#BLASLIB = /usr/lib/libopenblas.a
## This BLAS causes single-precision to fail the test in SuperLU
# BLASDEF = -DUSE_VENDOR_BLAS
BLASLIB = ../lib/blas$(PLAT).a
TMGLIB = libtmglib.a
LIBS = $(SUPERLULIB) $(BLASLIB)
#
# The archiver and the flag(s) to use when building archive (library)
# If your system has no ranlib, set RANLIB = echo.
#
ARCH = ar
ARCHFLAGS = cr
RANLIB = ranlib
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -O3 -fPIC
NOOPTS =
FORTRAN = g77
FFLAGS = -O2 -fPIC
LOADER = $(CC)
LOADOPTS = -fPIC
#
# C preprocessor defs for compilation for the Fortran interface
# (-DNoChange, -DAdd_, -DAdd__, or -DUpCase)
#
CDEFS = -DAdd_
#
# The directory in which Matlab is installed
#
MATLAB = /usr/local/MATLAB/R2015b
SuperLU 中的 SRC/Makefile
# makefile for sparse supernodal LU, implemented in ANSI C
include ../make.inc
#######################################################################
# This is the makefile to create a library for SuperLU.
# The files are organized as follows:
#
# ALLAUX -- Auxiliary routines called from all precisions of SuperLU
# LAAUX -- LAPACK auxiliary routines called from all precisions
# SLASRC -- LAPACK single precision real routines
# DLASRC -- LAPACK double precision real routines
# CLASRC -- LAPACK single precision complex routines
# ZLASRC -- LAPACK double precision complex routines
# SCLAUX -- LAPACK Auxiliary routines called from both real and complex
# DZLAUX -- LAPACK Auxiliary routines called from both double precision
# and complex*16
# SLUSRC -- Single precision real SuperLU routines
# DLUSRC -- Double precision real SuperLU routines
# CLUSRC -- Single precision complex SuperLU routines
# ZLUSRC -- Double precision complex SuperLU routines
#
# The library can be set up to include routines for any combination
# of the four precisions. To create or add to the library, enter make
# followed by one or more of the precisions desired. Some examples:
# make single
# make single double
# make single double complex complex16
# Alternatively, the command
# make
# without any arguments creates a library of all four precisions.
# The library is called
# superlu.a
# and is created at the next higher directory level.
#
# To remove the object files after the library is created, enter
# make clean
#
#######################################################################
### LAPACK
LAAUX = lsame.o xerbla.o
SLASRC = slacon.o
DLASRC = dlacon.o
CLASRC = clacon.o scsum1.o icmax1.o
ZLASRC = zlacon.o dzsum1.o izmax1.o
SCLAUX = slamch.o
DZLAUX = dlamch.o
### SuperLU
ALLAUX = superlu_timer.o util.o memory.o get_perm_c.o mmd.o \
sp_coletree.o sp_preorder.o sp_ienv.o relax_snode.o \
heap_relax_snode.o colamd.o \
ilu_relax_snode.o ilu_heap_relax_snode.o mark_relax.o \
mc64ad.o qselect.o
SLUSRC = \
sgssv.o sgssvx.o \
ssp_blas2.o ssp_blas3.o sgscon.o \
slangs.o sgsequ.o slaqgs.o spivotgrowth.o \
sgsrfs.o sgstrf.o sgstrs.o scopy_to_ucol.o \
ssnode_dfs.o ssnode_bmod.o \
spanel_dfs.o spanel_bmod.o \
sreadhb.o sreadrb.o sreadtriple.o \
scolumn_dfs.o scolumn_bmod.o spivotL.o spruneL.o \
smemory.o sutil.o smyblas2.o \
sgsisx.o sgsitrf.o sldperm.o \
ilu_sdrop_row.o ilu_ssnode_dfs.o \
ilu_scolumn_dfs.o ilu_spanel_dfs.o ilu_scopy_to_ucol.o \
ilu_spivotL.o sdiagonal.o
DLUSRC = \
dgssv.o dgssvx.o \
dsp_blas2.o dsp_blas3.o dgscon.o \
dlangs.o dgsequ.o dlaqgs.o dpivotgrowth.o \
dgsrfs.o dgstrf.o dgstrs.o dcopy_to_ucol.o \
dsnode_dfs.o dsnode_bmod.o dpanel_dfs.o dpanel_bmod.o \
dreadhb.o dreadrb.o dreadtriple.o \
dcolumn_dfs.o dcolumn_bmod.o dpivotL.o dpruneL.o \
dmemory.o dutil.o dmyblas2.o \
dgsisx.o dgsitrf.o dldperm.o \
ilu_ddrop_row.o ilu_dsnode_dfs.o \
ilu_dcolumn_dfs.o ilu_dpanel_dfs.o ilu_dcopy_to_ucol.o \
ilu_dpivotL.o ddiagonal.o
## dgstrsL.o dgstrsU.o
CLUSRC = \
scomplex.o cgssv.o cgssvx.o csp_blas2.o csp_blas3.o cgscon.o \
clangs.o cgsequ.o claqgs.o cpivotgrowth.o \
cgsrfs.o cgstrf.o cgstrs.o ccopy_to_ucol.o \
csnode_dfs.o csnode_bmod.o \
cpanel_dfs.o cpanel_bmod.o \
creadhb.o creadrb.o creadtriple.o \
ccolumn_dfs.o ccolumn_bmod.o cpivotL.o cpruneL.o \
cmemory.o cutil.o cmyblas2.o \
cgsisx.o cgsitrf.o cldperm.o \
ilu_cdrop_row.o ilu_csnode_dfs.o \
ilu_ccolumn_dfs.o ilu_cpanel_dfs.o ilu_ccopy_to_ucol.o \
ilu_cpivotL.o cdiagonal.o
ZLUSRC = \
dcomplex.o zgssv.o zgssvx.o zsp_blas2.o zsp_blas3.o zgscon.o \
zlangs.o zgsequ.o zlaqgs.o zpivotgrowth.o \
zgsrfs.o zgstrf.o zgstrs.o zcopy_to_ucol.o \
zsnode_dfs.o zsnode_bmod.o \
zpanel_dfs.o zpanel_bmod.o \
zreadhb.o zreadrb.o zreadtriple.o \
zcolumn_dfs.o zcolumn_bmod.o zpivotL.o zpruneL.o \
zmemory.o zutil.o zmyblas2.o \
zgsisx.o zgsitrf.o zldperm.o \
ilu_zdrop_row.o ilu_zsnode_dfs.o \
ilu_zcolumn_dfs.o ilu_zpanel_dfs.o ilu_zcopy_to_ucol.o \
ilu_zpivotL.o zdiagonal.o
all: single double complex complex16
single: $(SLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(SLASRC) $(SCLAUX)
$(ARCH) $(ARCHFLAGS) $(SUPERLULIB) \
$(SLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(SLASRC) $(SCLAUX)
$(RANLIB) $(SUPERLULIB)
double: $(DLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(DLASRC) $(DZLAUX)
$(ARCH) $(ARCHFLAGS) $(SUPERLULIB) \
$(DLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(DLASRC) $(DZLAUX)
$(RANLIB) $(SUPERLULIB)
complex: $(CLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(CLASRC) $(SCLAUX)
$(ARCH) $(ARCHFLAGS) $(SUPERLULIB) \
$(CLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(CLASRC) $(SCLAUX)
$(RANLIB) $(SUPERLULIB)
complex16: $(ZLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(ZLASRC) $(DZLAUX)
$(ARCH) $(ARCHFLAGS) $(SUPERLULIB) \
$(ZLUSRC) $(ALLAUX) $(LAAUX) $(ZLASRC) $(DZLAUX)
$(RANLIB) $(SUPERLULIB)
##################################
# Do not optimize these routines #
##################################
slamch.o: slamch.c ; $(CC) -c $(NOOPTS) $(CDEFS) $<
dlamch.o: dlamch.c ; $(CC) -c $(NOOPTS) $(CDEFS) $<
superlu_timer.o: superlu_timer.c ; $(CC) -c $(NOOPTS) $<
##################################
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CDEFS) $(BLASDEF) -c $< $(VERBOSE)
.f.o:
$(FORTRAN) $(FFLAGS) -c $<
clean:
rm -f *.o $(SUPERLULIB)
CMake 生成的 Armadillo Makefile
# CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 2.8
# Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
default_target: all
.PHONY : default_target
#=============================================================================
# Special targets provided by cmake.
# Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work.
.SUFFIXES:
# Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove.
SUFFIXES =
.SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list
# Suppress display of executed commands.
$(VERBOSE).SILENT:
# A target that is always out of date.
cmake_force:
.PHONY : cmake_force
#=============================================================================
# Set environment variables for the build.
# The shell in which to execute make rules.
SHELL = /bin/sh
# The CMake executable.
CMAKE_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake
# The command to remove a file.
RM = /usr/bin/cmake -E remove -f
# Escaping for special characters.
EQUALS = =
# The program to use to edit the cache.
CMAKE_EDIT_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake-gui
# The top-level source directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = /home/daniel/Downloads/armadillo-6.500.5
# The top-level build directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = /home/daniel/Downloads/armadillo-6.500.5
#=============================================================================
# Targets provided globally by CMake.
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edit_cache:
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edit_cache/fast: edit_cache
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install/fast: preinstall/fast
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install/local: preinstall
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/usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LOCAL_ONLY=1 -P cmake_install.cmake
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# Special rule for the target install/local
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list_install_components/fast: list_install_components
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请让我知道我应该尝试什么。我对在 Linux 上编译/链接库不是很有经验，所以请尽可能提供详细信息。谢谢。
最佳答案
有同样的问题，看起来 superlu_timer.c 没有用 -fPIC 编译，即使你在 CFLAGS 中设置它也是如此/p>
出于某种原因，SuperLU 背后的人不想优化那个文件，所以他们在 SRC 文件夹的 Makefile 中为这个单个文件设置了一个特定的目标
可以在SuperLU_4.3/SRC/Makefile中看到:
##################################
# Do not optimize these routines #
##################################
slamch.o: slamch.c ; $(CC) -c $(NOOPTS) $(CDEFS) $<
dlamch.o: dlamch.c ; $(CC) -c $(NOOPTS) $(CDEFS) $<
superlu_timer.o: superlu_timer.c ; $(CC) -c $(NOOPTS) $<
##################################
解决方案是更改 superlu_timer.o 行以包含 -fPIC:
superlu_timer.o: superlu_timer.c ; $(CC) -fPIC -c $(NOOPTS) $<
之后，只需执行make clean 和make 即可再次生成库
关于c++ - 构建 Armadillo 线性代数库，无法与 Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS 上的 SuperLU 链接。制作共享对象时不能使用X，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35530901/