我考虑过将其命名为“Java 异常的海森堡不确定性推论”,但这 (a) 太笨拙,并且 (b) 描述不够充分。
BLUF:在针对 Spring Boot 应用程序的 JUnit 5 测试中,我试图捕捉当元组被持久化到数据库表时抛出的异常,该数据库表存在约束冲突(标记为“唯一”的列中的重复值)。我可以在 try-catch block 中捕获异常,但不能使用 JUnit 的“assertThrows()”。
阐述
为了便于复制,我将我的代码缩小到只有实体和存储库,以及两个测试(一个有效,另一个是这篇文章的原因)。同样为了便于复制,我使用 H2 作为数据库。
我读到过,存在潜在的事务范围问题,这些问题可能会导致约束生成的异常不会在调用方法的范围内抛出。我在语句“foos.aave(foo);”周围用一个简单的 try-catch block 证实了这一点。在 shouldThrowExceptionOnSave() 中(没有“tem.flush()”语句)。
我决定使用 TestEntityManager.flush() 强制事务提交/结束,并且能够在 try-catch block 中成功捕获异常。但是,这不是预期的 DataIntegrityViolationException,而是 PersistenceException。
我尝试使用类似的机制(即,使用 TestEntityManager.flush() 来强制 assertThrows() 语句中的问题。但是,“没有乐趣”。
当我尝试“assertThrows(PersistenceException.class,...”时,该方法以 DataIntegrityViolationException 终止。
当我尝试“assertThrows(DataIntegrityViolationException.class,...”时,我实际上收到了一条 JUnit 错误消息,表明预期的 DataIntegrityViolationException 与实际异常不匹配。这是...javax.persistence.PersistenceException!
任何帮助/见解将不胜感激。
补充说明:shouldThrowExceptionOnSave()中的try-catch block 只是为了看捕获到什么异常。
实体类
package com.test.foo;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Foo {
@Id
@Column(name = "id",
nullable = false,
unique = true)
private String id;
@Column(name = "name",
nullable = false,
unique = true)
private String name;
public Foo() {
id = "Default ID";
name = "Default Name";
}
public Foo(String id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() { return id;}
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
public String getName() { return name; }
}
存储库界面
package com.test.foo;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
public interface FooRepository extends CrudRepository<Foo, String> { }
存储库测试类
package com.test.foo;
import org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;
import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
@DataJpaTest
public class FooRepositoryITest {
@Autowired
private TestEntityManager tem;
@Autowired
private FooRepository foos;
private static final int NUM_ROWS = 25;
private static final String BASE_ID = "->Test Id";
private static final String BASE_NAME = "->Test Name";
@BeforeEach
public void insertFooTuples() {
Foo foo;
for (int i=0; i<NUM_ROWS; i++) {
foo = new Foo(i+BASE_ID, i+BASE_NAME);
tem.persist(foo);
}
tem.flush();
}
@AfterEach
public void removeFooTuples() {
foos.findAll()
.forEach(tem::remove);
tem.flush();
}
@Test
public void shouldSaveNewTyple() {
Optional<Foo> newFoo;
String newId = "New Test Id";
String newName = "New Test Name";
Foo foo = new Foo(newId, newName);
foos.save(foo);
tem.flush();
newFoo = foos.findById(newId);
assertTrue(newFoo.isPresent(), "Failed to add Foo tuple");
}
@Test
public void shouldThrowExceptionOnSave() {
Optional<Foo> newFoo;
String newId = "New Test Id";
String newName = "New Test Name";
Foo foo = new Foo(newId, newName);
foo.setName(foos.findById(1+BASE_ID).get().getName());
try {
foos.save(foo);
tem.flush();
} catch(PersistenceException e) {
System.out.println("\n\n**** IN CATCH BLOCK ****\n\n");
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
// assertThrows(DataIntegrityViolationException.class,
// assertThrows(ConstraintViolationException.class,
assertThrows(PersistenceException.class,
() -> { foos.save(foo);
tem.flush();
} );
}
}
构建.gradle
plugins {
id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.1.3.RELEASE'
id 'java'
}
apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'
group = 'com.test'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa')
implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
runtimeOnly('com.h2database:h2')
testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
exclude group: 'junit'
exclude group: 'org.hamcrest'
}
testImplementation('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.4.0')
testImplementation('com.h2database:h2')
}
test {
useJUnitPlatform()
}
使用“assertThrows(PersitenceException, ...)”输出
2019-02-25 14:55:12.747 WARN 15796 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : SQL Error: 23505, SQLState: 23505
2019-02-25 14:55:12.747 ERROR 15796 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : Unique index or primary key violation: "UK_A7S9IMMDPCXHLN2D4JHLAY516_INDEX_1 ON PUBLIC.FOO(NAME) VALUES ('1->Test Name', 2)"; SQL statement:
insert into foo (name, id) values (?, ?) [23505-197]
**** IN CATCH BLOCK ****
javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement
.
. (some debug output removed for brevity)
.
2019-02-25 14:55:12.869 WARN 15796 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : SQL Error: 23505, SQLState: 23505
2019-02-25 14:55:12.869 ERROR 15796 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : Unique index or primary key violation: "UK_A7S9IMMDPCXHLN2D4JHLAY516_INDEX_1 ON PUBLIC.FOO(NAME) VALUES ('1->Test Name', 2)"; SQL statement:
insert into foo (name, id) values (?, ?) [23505-197]
2019-02-25 14:55:12.877 INFO 15796 --- [ main] o.s.t.c.transaction.TransactionContext : Rolled back transaction for test: [DefaultTestContext@313ac989 testClass = FooRepositoryITest, testInstance = com.test.foo.FooRepositoryITest@71d44a3, testMethod = shouldThrowExceptionOnSave@FooRepositoryITest, testException = org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; constraint ["UK_A7S9IMMDPCXHLN2D4JHLAY516_INDEX_1 ON PUBLIC.FOO(NAME) VALUES ('1->Test Name', 2)"; SQL statement:
insert into foo (name, id) values (?, ?) [23505-197]]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement, mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@4562e04d testClass = FooRepositoryITest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.test.foo.FooApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.OverrideAutoConfigurationContextCustomizerFactory$DisableAutoConfigurationContextCustomizer@527e5409, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.filter.TypeExcludeFiltersContextCustomizer@351584c0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@8b41920b, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@2a32de6c, [ImportsContextCustomizer@2a65fe7c key = [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManagerAutoConfiguration]], org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@147ed70f, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@15b204a1, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0], contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map[[empty]]]
org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; constraint ["UK_A7S9IMMDPCXHLN2D4JHLAY516_INDEX_1 ON PUBLIC.FOO(NAME) VALUES ('1->Test Name', 2)"; SQL statement:
insert into foo (name, id) values (?, ?) [23505-197]]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement
输出“assertThrows(DataIntegrityViolationException, ...)
2019-02-25 14:52:16.880 WARN 2172 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : SQL Error: 23505, SQLState: 23505
2019-02-25 14:52:16.880 ERROR 2172 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : Unique index or primary key violation: "UK_A7S9IMMDPCXHLN2D4JHLAY516_INDEX_1 ON PUBLIC.FOO(NAME) VALUES ('1->Test Name', 2)"; SQL statement:
insert into foo (name, id) values (?, ?) [23505-197]
**** IN CATCH BLOCK ****
javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement
.
. (some debug output removed for brevity)
.
insert into foo (name, id) values (?, ?) [23505-197]
2019-02-25 14:52:16.974 INFO 2172 --- [ main] o.s.t.c.transaction.TransactionContext : Rolled back transaction for test: [DefaultTestContext@313ac989 testClass = FooRepositoryITest, testInstance = com.test.foo.FooRepositoryITest@71d44a3, testMethod = shouldThrowExceptionOnSave@FooRepositoryITest, testException = org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError: Unexpected exception type thrown ==> expected: <org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException> but was: <javax.persistence.PersistenceException>, mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@4562e04d testClass = FooRepositoryITest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.test.foo.FooApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.OverrideAutoConfigurationContextCustomizerFactory$DisableAutoConfigurationContextCustomizer@527e5409, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.filter.TypeExcludeFiltersContextCustomizer@351584c0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@8b41920b, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@2a32de6c, [ImportsContextCustomizer@2a65fe7c key = [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManagerAutoConfiguration]], org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@147ed70f, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@15b204a1, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0], contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map[[empty]]]
org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError: Unexpected exception type thrown ==>
Expected :<org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException>
Actual :<javax.persistence.PersistenceException>
<Click to see difference>
最佳答案
边注
您的项目实际上没有使用 JUnit Jupiter 5.4。相反,它使用由 Spring Boot 管理的 JUnit Jupiter 5.3.2。参见 Gradle 5 JUnit BOM and Spring Boot Incorrect Versions寻求解决方案。
没有必要flush()
在你的@BeforeEach
方法。
你应该删除你的 @AfterEach
方法,因为对数据库的所有更改都将通过测试管理的事务自动回滚。
捕获一个 ConstraintViolationException
你实际上无法捕捉到 ConstraintViolationException
因为 JPA 会将其包装为 PersistenceException
, 但您可以验证 ConstraintViolationException
导致 PersistenceException
.
为此,只需按如下方式重写您的测试。
@Test
public void shouldThrowExceptionOnSave() {
String newId = "New Test Id";
String newName = "New Test Name";
Foo foo = new Foo(newId, newName);
foo.setName(fooRepository.findById(1 + BASE_ID).get().getName());
PersistenceException exception = assertThrows(PersistenceException.class, () -> {
fooRepository.save(foo);
testEntityManager.flush();
});
assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof ConstraintViolationException);
}
捕获 DataIntegrityViolationException
如果你想从 Spring 的 DataAccessException
中捕获异常层次结构——例如 DataIntegrityViolationException
, 你必须确保 EntityManager#flush()
以 Spring 执行异常转换的方式调用方法。
异常转换是通过 Spring 的 PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor
执行的包裹着你的 @Repository
代理中的 bean 以捕获异常并翻译它们。 Spring Boot 注册了 PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor
自动为您提供服务,并确保正确代理您的 Spring Data JPA 存储库。
在您的示例中,您正在调用 flush()
直接在 Spring Boot 的 TestEntityManager
上它不执行异常翻译。这就是为什么您看到原始 javax.persistence.PersistenceException
的原因而不是 Spring 的 DataIntegrityViolationException
.
如果您想断言 Spring 将包装 PersistenceException
在DataIntegrityViolationException
,您需要执行以下操作。
按如下方式重新声明您的存储库。
JpaRepository
让您可以访问flush()
方法直接在您的存储库上。public interface FooRepository extends JpaRepository<Foo, String> {}
在你的
shouldThrowExceptionOnSave()
测试方法,调用fooRepository.save(foo); fooRepository.flush();
或fooRepository.saveAndFlush(foo);
.
如果您这样做,以下内容现在将通过。
@Test
public void shouldThrowExceptionOnSave() {
String newId = "New Test Id";
String newName = "New Test Name";
Foo foo = new Foo(newId, newName);
foo.setName(fooRepository.findById(1 + BASE_ID).get().getName());
assertThrows(DataIntegrityViolationException.class, () -> {
fooRepository.save(foo);
fooRepository.flush();
// fooRepository.saveAndFlush(foo);
});
}
再次强调,之所以可行,是因为 flush()
方法现在直接在您的存储库 bean 上调用,Spring 已将其包装在捕获 PersistenceException
的代理中并将其翻译为 DataIntegrityViolationException
.
关于java - 如何使用 JUnit 5 在 Spring Boot 中捕获 Hibernate ConstraintViolationException(或 Spring DataIntegrityViolationException?),我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54876448/