开始之前，我问过一个类似的问题here那个时候答案(更改“小 cucumber ”版本)为我修复了。但是这次我使用的是 pom.xml 而不是 jars 并且使用较新的版本我无法纠正错误。另外，我问这个问题是为了缩小范围并了解根本原因，并防止将来出现类似错误。
JUnit 代码:
package TestRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features="Features/S1Test.Feature",glue={"StepDefinition"})
public class Runner
{
}
pom.xml
<project
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>S1</groupId>
<artifactId>S1</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Load Testing</name>
<description>Selenium Load Testing Example Using TestNG and Maven</description>
<!-- Add Following Lines in Your POM File -->
<properties>
<selenium.version>2.53.1</selenium.version>
<testng.version>6.9.10</testng.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>3.141.59</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-html</artifactId>
<version>0.2.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sourceforge.cobertura</groupId>
<artifactId>cobertura</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>4.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>4.2.6</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
<!-- <scope>provided</scope> -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.masterthought</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-reporting</artifactId>
<version>4.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>2.21.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>gherkin</artifactId>
<version>6.0.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun</groupId>
<artifactId>tools</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
<scope>system</scope>
<systemPath>C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\lib\tools.jar</systemPath>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>5.4.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
异常
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: gherkin/IGherkinDialectProvider
at cucumber.runtime.RuntimeOptionsFactory.create(RuntimeOptionsFactory.java:23)
at cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber.<init>(Cucumber.java:83)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createUnfilteredTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:87)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:73)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit4TestLoader.java:46)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:523)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:761)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:461)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:207)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: gherkin.IGherkinDialectProvider
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 19 more
请帮助我理解为什么我会收到此异常，以及如何在将来使用更新版本避免此类错误。
最佳答案
您已将传递依赖项(您的依赖项的依赖项)添加到您的 pom.xml 文件中。这些应该与您的依赖项所需的版本相同。否则你会看到像现在这样的问题。
因此您应该删除:cucumber-jvm-deps、cucumber-core 和 gherkin。 Maven 将确保它们存在并具有正确的版本。
您可以使用 mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose 检查您的依赖关系树。参见 Apache Maven Dependency Plugin - Resolving conflicts using the dependency tree .
关于java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError : gherkin/IGherkinDialectProvider while running Selenium-Cucumber test 错误，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55461861/