好吧，我只想制作以下简单程序，尝试在端口 443 上使用 www.google.com 创建 https 隧道。我首先尝试了以下代码:
import socket
def main():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("www.google.com", 80))
request = "CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1\n\n"
s.send(request.encode())
print(s.recv(4096).decode())
main()
结果如下:
HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Content-Length: 1592
Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2017 07:56:14 GMT
Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=en>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<meta name=viewport content="initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, width=device-width">
<title>Error 405 (Method Not Allowed)!!1</title>
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0}html,code{font:15px/22px arial,sans-serif}html{background:#fff;color:#222;padding:15px}body{margin:7% auto 0;max-width:390px;min-height:180px;padding:30px 0 15px}* > body{background:url(//www.google.com/images/errors/robot.png) 100% 5px no-repeat;padding-right:205px}p{margin:11px 0 22px;overflow:hidden}ins{color:#777;text-decoration:none}a img{border:0}@media screen and (max-width:772px){body{background:none;margin-top:0;max-width:none;padding-right:0}}#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/1x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat;margin-left:-5px}@media only screen and (min-resolution:192dpi){#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat 0% 0%/100% 100%;-moz-border-image:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) 0}}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:2){#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:100% 100%}}#logo{display:inline-block;height:54px;width:150px}
</style>
<a href=//www.google.com/><span id=logo aria-label=Google></span></a>
<p><b>405.</b> <ins>That’s an error.</ins>
<p>The request method <code>CONNECT</code> is inappropriate for the URL <code>/</code>. <ins>That’s all we know.</ins>
这意味着服务器不允许执行此请求。所以我认为问题出在端口号上。所以我将其更改为 443(这是 https 连接的端口)。代码是:
def main():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("www.google.com", 443))
request = "CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1\n\n"
s.send(request.encode())
print(s.recv(4096).decode())
main()
但是它并没有像它应该做的那样打印出有效的响应。它给了我一个空洞的回应。 问题是:“为什么会这样？我怎样才能让它正常工作？” 注意:我不想使用内置的 urllib 或 urllib2 库。我想用套接字做到这一点。
最佳答案
HTTP
在您原来的 80 端口连接中，您只是使用了错误的 Host:
import socket
def main():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('google.com', 80))
request = b'CONNECT google.com HTTP/1.1\n\n'
s.send(request)
print(s.recv(4096).decode())
main()
响应:
HTTP/1.0 200 Connection established
或者直接使用GET方法:
request = b'GET http://google.com HTTP/1.1\n\n'
响应与 HTTPS 请求相同，google.com 主机由于某种原因不工作。
HTTPS
您应该将您的套接字包裹在 ssl 隧道中(不确定术语是否正确)以便使用 HTTPS 进行连接，并且 GET 方法在连接后可以立即使用:
import socket
import ssl
def main():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s = ssl.wrap_socket(s)
s.connect(('google.com', 443))
request = b'GET google.com HTTP/1.1\n\n'
s.send(request)
print(s.recv(4096).decode())
main()
响应:
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Location: https://www.google.ru/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=WwCUWc66L6qB3APs7ZPABA
Content-Length: 259
Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2017 08:20:43 GMT
Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="39,38,37,35"
<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>302 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
<H1>302 Moved</H1>
The document has moved
<A HREF="https://www.google.ru/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=WwCUWc66L6qB3APs7ZPABA">here</A>.
</BODY></HTML>
关于没有有效响应的 Python 套接字 HTTP 1.1 CONNECT 请求，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45708275/