c# - 在 C# 中以通俗易懂的方式解释泛型？

Question

<分区>

Answer 1

泛型是在 C# 中的编译时确保类型安全的一种方式。

示例 - 前泛型:

class Person 
{
 string name;
 string lastname;
 public Person(string _name )  { this.name = _name; }
}

class ClientCode
{
   public static void Main()
   {
         //create a list of person
         ArrayList personList = new ArrayList();
         Person p1 = new Person("John");
         Person p2 = new Person("Ram");
         personList.Add(p1);
         personList.Add(p2);
         // BUT, someone can do something like:
         // ArrayList does not stop adding another type of object into it
         object q = new object();
         personList.Add(q);
         // while accessing personlist
         foreach(object obj in personlist)
         {
            Person p = obj as Person;
            // do something, for person
            // But it will fail for last item in list 'q' since its is not person.
         }
   }
}

示例-后泛型:

class ClientCode
{
   public static void Main()
   {
         //create a list of person
         List<Person> personList = new List<Person>();
         Person p1 = new Person("John");
         Person p2 = new Person("Ram");
         personList.Add(p1);
         personList.Add(p2);
         // Someone can not add any other object then Person into personlist
         object q = new object();
         personList.Add(q); // Compile Error.
         // while accessing personlist, No NEED for TYPE Casting
         foreach(Person obj in personlist)
         {
            // do something, for person
         }
   }
}