c - 在运行时替换动态共享库

Question

我需要在一个程序的执行周期内使用不同的动态库。查看 dlfcn.h 我认为这是可能的。我承认没有阅读太多关于动态库加载的文献。

好的，这就是我要做的 -

• 我创建了名为“libdynamicTest.so.1”的共享库
• 主APP打开这个solib(dlopen)，获取函数指针(dlsym)，运行然后关闭( dlclose)

一切都很好，直到这里。

• 现在假设我将我的 libdynamicTest.so.1 替换为另一个 libdynamicTest.so.1(一些代码差异)，我看到一个段错误。此外，我已确保在 dlclose 之后和 dlopen 之前替换 solib。

有人可以解释为什么会出现这个段错误吗？

我注意到即使我删除了 libdynamicTest.so.1 程序仍然执行，很奇怪。

    SysTrace(("opening dynamic library"));
    handle = dlopen("libdynamicTest.so.1",RTLD_LAZY);
    fn     = dlsym (handle,"dylib_print_msg");
    SysTrace(("Using dynamic library"));
    if(!fn)
    {
        printf("unknown dylib_print_msg..!!\n");
    }
    else
    {
        (*fn)();
    }
    ret = dlclose(handle);
    SysTrace(("closed dynamic library status = [%s]", (ret==0?"OK":"NOK")));

附:我不是要修改任何现有程序的行为，也不是要构成任何威胁。我正在进行可行性检查，以将集成测试作为共享库运行。

---

编辑

我尝试使用 gdb，以下是堆栈跟踪，发生故障时。

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000003e92408b7b in check_match.8509 () from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#0  0x0000003e92408b7b in check_match.8509 ()
   from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#1  0x0000003e92409024 in do_lookup_x () from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#2  0x0000003e92409222 in _dl_lookup_symbol_x ()
   from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#3  0x0000003e92908f14 in do_sym () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#4  0x0000003e93001104 in dlsym_doit () from /lib64/libdl.so.2
#5  0x0000003e9240ced6 in _dl_catch_error ()
   from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#6  0x0000003e9300150d in _dlerror_run () from /lib64/libdl.so.2
#7  0x0000003e930010ba in dlsym () from /lib64/libdl.so.2

---

编辑

在 svn checkout http://subversion.assembla.com/svn/dynamic_libso 上共享的代码库

---

编辑:- 添加日志 LD_DEBUG=all

32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `__libc_start_main' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
     32564:
     32564:     initialize program: ./test_agent
     32564:
     32564:
     32564:     transferring control: ./test_agent
     32564:
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=/lib64/libc.so.6 [0]
     32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `printf' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=/lib64/libc.so.6 [0]
     32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `putchar' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
-hello.c main():20 Msg : hello world ..!!
-hello.c main():24 Msg : opening dynamic library
     32564:     symbol=dlopen;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=dlopen;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]: normal symbol `dlopen' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
     32564:     opening file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]; direct_opencount=1
     32564:
     32564:     symbol=dlerror;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=dlerror;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]: normal symbol `dlerror' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
-hello.c main():26 Msg : Opened dynamic library handle = [a16d9000]
     32564:     symbol=dlsym;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=dlsym;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]: normal symbol `dlsym' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
     32564:     symbol=_dl_sym;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=_dl_sym;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     symbol=_dl_sym;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     symbol=_dl_sym;  lookup in file=/lib64/libc.so.6 [0]
     32564:     binding file /lib64/libdl.so.2 [0] to /lib64/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `_dl_sym' [GLIBC_PRIVATE]
     32564:     symbol=solib_print_msg;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     binding file /user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0] to /user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]: normal symbol `solib_print_msg'
-hello.c main():28 Msg : Using dynamic library
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     symbol=printf;  lookup in file=/lib64/libc.so.6 [0]
     32564:     binding file /user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0] to /lib64/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `printf' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     symbol=putchar;  lookup in file=/lib64/libc.so.6 [0]
     32564:     binding file /user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0] to /lib64/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `putchar' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
-dynamic.c solib_print_msg():9 Msg : nice nice..!!
     32564:     symbol=dlclose;  lookup in file=./test_agent [0]
     32564:     symbol=dlclose;  lookup in file=/lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]
     32564:     binding file ./test_agent [0] to /lib64/libdl.so.2 [0]: normal symbol `dlclose' [GLIBC_2.2.5]
     32564:
     32564:     closing file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1; direct_opencount=0
-hello.c main():40 Msg : closed dynamic library status = [OK]
-hello.c main():24 Msg : opening dynamic library
     32564:     opening file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]; direct_opencount=1
     32564:
-hello.c main():26 Msg : Opened dynamic library handle = [0]
     32564:     symbol=solib_print_msg;  lookup in file=/user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]
     32564:     binding file /user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0] to /user/skm/coding/fTest/approach/dynamic_library/gravity/contribs/libs/libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]: normal symbol `solib_print_msg'
-hello.c main():28 Msg : Using dynamic library
Segmentation fault

Answer 1

来自“man dlclose”:

The function dlclose() decrements the reference count on the dynamic
library handle handle.  If the reference count drops to zero and
no other loaded libraries use symbols in it, then the dynamic library
is unloaded.

我猜您与“没有其他加载的库在其中使用符号” 部分发生冲突。

要调试，请使用 LD_DEBUG=bindings 运行您的程序，并查找如下消息:

binding file <some.so> [0] to libdynamicTest.so.1 [0]: normal symbol `<symbol>'

更新:

你有几个错误:

1. 您正在将 test_agent 链接到 libdynamic.so.1 直接:
   cc -o test_agent -L。 ...-ldl build/test_agent/hello.o libdynamic.so.1

   完成此操作后，您就不能再期望这个库永远被卸载。

2. 这样做:
   

   *((int *)handle) = 0;

   你实际上是在破坏动态加载器的状态，那会导致后续的 dlsym 给你虚假地址，这会导致你的 SIGSEGV当您尝试使用它时。

一旦您解决了问题 #2，您的程序将不再崩溃，尽管它仍然不会卸载库。要实际上卸载库，您还需要解决问题 #1。

如果您先解决问题 #1，那么问题 #2 将不再破坏动态加载程序。相反，它会破坏堆，您可以通过 Valgrind 轻松观察到这一点。